Automotive engineering , together with aerospace engineering and marine engineering, is a branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering elements as applied to the design, manufacture and operation of bicycles motorcycles, cars and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems. This also includes vehicle modifications. Domain manufacturing transactions with the manufacture and assembly of all car parts are also included. The field of automotive engineering is intensive research and involves the direct application of mathematical models and formulas. The study of automotive engineering is to design, develop, fabricate, and test vehicle or component vehicles from the concept stage to the production stage. Production, development, and manufacturing are the three main functions in this field.
Video Automotive engineering
Disiplin
Teknik Mobil
Car Engineering is a branch of engineering that teaches manufacturing, design, mechanical mechanisms and car operations. This is an introduction to vehicle engineering related to motorcycle, car, bus truck etc. These include the study of branch mechanics, electronics, software and security elements. Some of the engineering and discipline attributes that are important to automotive engineers and many other aspects include:
Safety techniques : Safety techniques are the assessment of various accident scenarios and their impact on vehicle occupants. This is tested against very strict government regulations. Some of these requirements include: testing of seat belt and air bag testing, front and side impact testing, and rollover resistance testing. Assessment is done by various methods and tools, including computer simulation crashes (usually finite element analysis), crash test dummies, and partial sled systems and full vehicle accidents.
Fuel economy/emissions : Fuel economy is the measured fuel efficiency of vehicles in miles per gallon or kilometer per liter. Emission testing includes measurements of vehicle emissions, including hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and evaporative emissions. Engineering NVH (noise, vibration, and loudness) : NVH is customer feedback (both tactile and audible) from the vehicle. While sounds can be interpreted as toys, squeals, or heat, the response of a touch can be a chair or buzzing vibes on the steering wheel. This feedback is generated by either rubbing, vibrating, or spinning components. The NVH response can be classified in a variety of ways: NVH powertrain, road noise, wind noise, component noise, and crane and toys. Notice, there are good and bad NVH qualities. NVH engineers work to eliminate bad NVH or change "bad NVH" too good (ie, exhaust tone).
Vehicle Electronics : Automotive electronics is an increasingly important aspect of automotive engineering. Modern vehicles use dozens of electronic systems. This system is responsible for operational controls such as throttle, brake and steering controls; as well as many comfort and comfort systems such as HVAC, infotainment, and lighting systems. It is impossible for a car to meet the safety and economic requirements of modern fuels without electronic control.
Performance : Performance is a measurable and testable value of the vehicle's ability to perform under different conditions. Performance can be considered in a variety of tasks, but it is generally related to how fast the car can accelerate (eg stands from 1/4 mile elapsed, 0-60 mph, etc.), highest speed, how short and fast the car can stop completely from the speed determined (eg 70-0 mph), how many g-forces a car can generate without losing grip, noting lap times, cornering speed, brake fading, etc. Performance can also reflect the number of controls in bad weather (snow, ice, rain).
Quality shifting : Quality shift is the perception of the driver of the vehicle against automatic transmission displacement events. This is influenced by the powertrain (engine, transmission), and vehicle (driveline, suspension, engine and powertrain mounts, etc.) The sense shift is the tactile response (felt) and audible (audible) vehicle. Quality shifts are experienced as events: Transmission shifts are perceived as an increase in acceleration (1-2), or a cursory downshift maneuver (4-2). Movement shifts are also evaluated, such as in Park to Reverse, etc.
Durability/corrosion techniques : Durability and corrosion engineering is a vehicle evaluation test for its useful life. Tests include accumulated mileage, severe driving conditions, and corrosive salt baths.
Drive Capability : Drive ability is the vehicle's response to general driving conditions. Start cold and stalls, RPM dips, idle responses, start doubts and stumbles, and level of performance.
Costs : The cost of a vehicle program is usually divided into effects on variable vehicle costs, and up front tools and fixed costs associated with vehicle development. There are also costs associated with reduction and warranty marketing.
Program time : For some programs it is timed with respect to the market, as well as the assembly plant's production schedule. Each new section in the design should support the development and creation of a model timetable.
Feasibility of assembly : Easily designing modules that are difficult to assemble, resulting in a defective unit or poor tolerance. Skilled product development engineers work with assembly/manufacturing engineers so that the resulting designs are easy and inexpensive to build and assemble, and provide the appropriate functionality and appearance.
Quality management : Quality control is an important factor in the production process, because high quality is required to meet customer requirements and to avoid costly withdrawal campaigns. Complexity of components involved in the production process requires a combination of various tools and techniques for quality control. Therefore, International Automotive Task Force (IATF), a leading global manufacturer and trade organization, develops the ISO/TS 16949 standard. This standard defines design, development, production, and when relevant, installation and service requirements. In addition, it combines ISO 9001 principles with aspects of regional and national automotive standards such as AVSQ (Italy), EAQF (France), VDA6 (Germany) and QS-9000 (USA). To further minimize the risks associated with product failure and claim responsibility for automotive electrical and electronic systems, quality functional safety disciplines in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 apply.
Since the 1950s, the total quality management business approach, TQM, helps to continuously improve the production process of automotive products and components. Some companies that have implemented TQM include Ford Motor Company, Motorola and Toyota Motor Company.
Maps Automotive engineering
Job Function
Development Engineer
A development engineer has the responsibility to coordinate the delivery of engineering attributes of the complete car (buses, cars, trucks, vans, SUVs, motorcycles, etc.) As determined by car manufacturers, government regulations, and customers who purchase the product.
Just like System Engineer, development engineers are concerned with the interaction of all systems in a complete car. Although there are several components and systems in the car that must function as designed, they must also work in harmony with the complete car. For example, the main function of the brake system is to provide the braking function to the car. Along with this, it should also provide an acceptable level: the feel of the pedals (sponges, stiffness, the "noise" brake system (loud, shudder, etc.), and interaction with ABS (anti-lock braking system)
Another aspect of the engineer's development work is the trade-off process required to deliver all car attributes to some acceptable level. An example of this is the trade-off between engine performance and fuel economy. While some customers seek maximum power from their engines, a car is still required to provide acceptable fuel economy levels. From a machine perspective, this is a conflicting requirement. Engine performance looks for maximum displacement (larger, more power), while fuel economy looks for smaller displacement engines (eg 1.4 L vs. 5.4 L). But the size of the engine, not the only factor that contributes to fuel economy and car performance. Different values ​​come into play.
Other attributes involving trade-offs include: car weight, aerodynamic drag, transmission gearing, emissions control devices, handling/roadholding, rider quality, and tires.
Development engineers are also responsible for organizing car-level testing, validation, and certification. Components and systems are designed and tested individually by the Product Engineer. Final evaluation should be done at the car level to evaluate the system against system interaction. For example, an audio (radio) system needs to be evaluated at the car level. Interactions with other electronic components may cause interference. The heat dissipation of the system and the ergonomic placement of the controls need to be evaluated. Sound quality in all seating positions should be provided at an acceptable level.
Manufacturing Engineer
The Manufacturing Engineer is responsible for ensuring the proper production of automotive components or complete vehicles. While development engineers are responsible for the functioning of vehicles, manufacturing engineers are responsible for safe and effective vehicle production. This group of engineers consists of Process Engineers, Logisti Coordinators, Tooling Engineers, Robotics Engineers, and Assembly Planners.
In the automotive industry, manufacturers play a greater role in the development stage of automotive components to ensure that products are easy to manufacture. Design for Manufacturability in the automotive world is essential to ascertain any design developed in the Stage of Research and Development of automotive design. Once the design is made, the manufacturing engineers will take over. They design the machines and equipment needed to build automotive components or vehicles and set methods for how to produce products in bulk. It is the work of manufacturing engineers to improve the efficiency of automotive factories and implement lean manufacturing techniques such as Six Sigma and Kaizen.
Role of other automotive engineering
Other automotive engineers include those listed below:
- Aerodynamic engineers often provide guidance to studio styling so that the design is aerodynamic, and interesting.
- Body engineers will also tell the studio whether it is worth creating a panel for their design.
- Change the control technician make sure that all design and manufacturing changes are organized, managed, and applied...
- NVH technicians perform sound and vibration testing to prevent loud cab noise, detectable vibrations, and/or improve sound quality when the vehicle is on the road.
The modern automotive product engineering process
Studies show that most of the value of modern vehicles comes from intelligent systems, and this represents most of today's automotive innovations. To facilitate this, modern automotive engineering processes must address the increasing use of mechatronics. Configuration and performance optimization, system integration, control, components, subsystems and system level validation of intelligent systems should be an intrinsic part of standard vehicle engineering processes, as well as for structural, vibro-acoustic and kinematic design.. This requires a vehicle development process that is typically strongly driven by simulations.
Approach V
One way to effectively deal with the inherent multi-physics and development of the control systems involved when incorporating intelligent systems, is to adopt the V-Model approach to system development, as it has been widely used in the automotive industry for twenty years or more. In this V approach, system-level requirements are deployed to V through subsystems to component design, and system performance is validated to improve integration level. Mechatronics systems require the application of two interrelated "V-cycles": one focusing on multi-physics system engineering (such as mechanical and electrical components of an electric-powered steering system, including sensors and actuators); and the other focuses on control engineering, control logic, software and hardware realization of control and embedded software.
Predictive engineering analysis
An alternative approach is called a predictive technique analysis, and takes the V approach to the next level. This allows the design to continue after product delivery. That's important for the development of built-in predictive functionality and for creating vehicles that can be optimized while being used, even based on real usage data. This approach is based on the creation of the Digital Twin, a replica of real products that remain in sync. Manufacturers try to achieve this by implementing a set of tactics and development tools. Critical is the strong alignment of the 1D, CAE 3D system simulation and physical testing to reach more realism in the simulation process. This is combined with intelligent reporting and data analytics for better insight into vehicle usage. By supporting this with a robust data management structure that covers the entire product life cycle, they bridge the gap between design, manufacturing and product use.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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