Filipino ( English: Ã, ( listen ) Wikang Filipino [w? 'k ??? fi: li' pi: no] ), in this usage, refers to the national language ( Wikang pambansa / Pambansang wika ) from the Philippines. Filipino is also appointed, along with English, as the official language of the country. It is based on Tagalog, Austronesian language, an area widely used in the Philippines. In 2007, Tagalog was the first language of 28 million people, or about a third of the population of the Philippines, while 45 million spoke Tagalog as their second language. Tagalog is one of 185 languages ​​in the Philippines identified in Ethnologue . Officially, the Philippines is defined by the Philippine Language Commission ( Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino in Filipino or KWF only) as "original, spoken and written dialect, in Metro Manila, National Capital Territory, and in other urban centers in the archipelago. "
The Filipino language is officially regarded as a pluricentric language, since it is enriched and further developed by other Filipino languages ​​in accordance with the 1987 Constitution mandate. Indeed, it has been observed that "Filipino varieties that deviate from the grammatical properties of Tagalog" in Cebu, Davao City and Iloilo which together with Metro Manila form the four largest metropolitan areas in the Philippines.
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The Philippines is a multilingual country with more than 120 to 187 languages ​​derived and spoken by various ethno-linguistic groups. There is no common language in any ethno-linguistic group in the Philippine archipelago when Spain arrived in the 16th century. The four major trading languages ​​are Visayan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan and Ilocano. Because the Filipino languages ​​are all closely related and hence easy for Filipinos to learn, most of the smaller speakers speak two or more regional languages.
The capital finally established by the Spaniards in the Philippines is Manila, which is located in the Tagalog-speaking region. The first dictionary of Tagalog, published as Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala, was written by the Franciscan Pedro de San Buenaventura, and published in 1613 by "Mr. Printing Philippines" Tomas Pinpin in Pila, Laguna. The last book of the same name was written by Czech Jesuit missionary Paul Klein in the early 18th century. Klein speaks Tagalog and uses it actively in some of his books. He wrote the dictionary, which was then passed on to Francisco Jansens and Josà © Å © Hernandez. A further compilation of his masterpiece was prepared by Juan de Noceda and Pedro de Sanlucar and published as the Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly re-edited with the latest edition in 2013 in Manila..
Spain served in official capacity as a governmental language during the Spanish colonial period. During the American colonial period, English became the official additional language of the Philippines with Spain.
Maps Filipino language
Appointment of national language
While Spanish and English were considered "official languages" during the American colonial period, there was no "national language" at first. Article XIII, Section 3 of the 1935 Constitution establishing the Commonwealth of the Philippines as long as:
The National Assembly will take steps towards the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the original languages ​​available. Until otherwise provided by law, English and Spanish will continue as the official language.
On 13 November 1936, the Philippine Commonwealth's First National Assembly approved the Commonwealth Law no. 184; created the National Language Institute (later Suri ¡n ng Wikang PambansÃÆ' Â ¢ or SWP) and the task was to create studies and surveys of each of the existing native languages, hoping to select which became the basis for the standard national language. Later, President Manuel L. Quezon then appointed representatives for each major regional language to form the NLI. Led by Jaime C. De Veyra, who sits as chair of the Institute and as a representative of Samar-Leyte-Visayans, the Institute members comprise Santiago A. Fonacier (representing Ilokano-speaking areas), Filemon Sotto (Cebu-Visayans), Casimiro Perfecto (Bikolanos ), Felix S. Sales Rodriguez (Panay-Visayans), Hadji Butu (Filipino Muslim), and Cecilio Lopez (Tagalogs).
The National Language Institute adopted a resolution on 9 November 1937 recommending Tagalog to be the basis of the national language. On December 30, the President of Quezon issued an Executive Order no. 134, s. 1937, approved the adoption of Tagalog as Filipino, and declared and proclaimed the national language based on Tagalog dialect as the national language of the Philippines. The order states that it will take effect two years since it was announced. On December 31 of the same year, Quezon proclaimed Tagalog as the basis of Wikang PambansÃÆ'Â ¢ (National Language) which provided the following factors:
- Tagalog is widely used and most widely understood throughout the Philippine Region;
- Not divided into smaller princess languages, such as Visayan or Bikol;
- The literary tradition is the richest of all native Filipino languages, the most developed and extensive (reflecting Italian Tuscan vis-ÃÆ' -vis Italian). More books are written in Tagalog than other native Filipino languages ​​but Spanish, but this is primarily legal and privileged;
- Tagalog has always been the language of Manila, the political and economic center of the Philippines during the Spanish and American era.
- Spanish was the language of the Revolution of 1896 and Katipunan, but the revolution was led by people who also spoke with Tagalog.
In 1940, the Philippine National Assemble passed the Commonwealth Law no. 570 stating that the national language of the Philippines will be regarded as the official language of 4 July 1946 (coinciding with the expected date of state independence from the United States). In the same year, BalarÃÆ'lÃÆ'ng Wikang PambansÃÆ' Â ¢ (English: Grammar of the National Language ) from the Lope K. Santos grammar introduces 20 letters < b> Abakada the alphabet which became the alphabet of the national language standard. The alphabet is officially adopted by the Institute for National Language Based Tagalog.
Dissociation with Tagalog
In 1959, the language was known as Pilipino in an attempt to separate it from the Tagalog ethnic group. The name change did not, however, result in universal acceptance among non-Tagalogs, notably Cebuanos who had not previously received the 1937 selection.
The 1960s saw the emergence of puritan movements in which new words were created to replace the loan words. This era of "purism" by the SWP sparked criticism by some. Two backlashes emerged during this period of "purism": a campaign against Tagalog and other campaigns to be more inclusive in the national language. In 1963, Negros Occidental congressman Innocencio V. Ferrer took a case in the Supreme Court questioning the constitutionality of the choice of Tagalog as the basis of the national language (a case that decided to support the national language in 1970). Accusing the national language of just as Tagalog and having no substantial input from other Filipino languages, Congressman Geruncio Lacuesta eventually led the "Modernization of the Language Approach" (MOLAM). Lacuesta organized a number of "anti-purist" conferences and promoted "Manila Lingua Franca" which would be more inclusive of loan words from foreign and local languages. Lacuesta succeeded in getting nine congressmen to propose a bill aimed at eliminating SWP by Akademia ng Wikang Filipino , to replace balarila with Gramatica ng Wikang Filipino , to replace the 20 letters of Abakada with the alphabet of 32 'letters, and to prohibit the creation of neologism and respelling of loanwords. This movement became calm after Lacuesta's death.
The national language problem was revived once again during the 1971 Constitutional Convention. Although there were a large number of delegates in favor of maintaining the Tagalog-speaking national language, most non-Tagalog delegates even supported the abolition of the idea of ​​a "national language" altogether. A compromise was reached and the words of the 1973 constitution did not mention dropping the national language of Pilipino or offending Tagalog. In contrast, the 1973 Constitution, both in its original form and changed in 1976, designates English and Pilipino as the official language and is provided for the development and adoption of a formal national common language, called Filipino , to replace Pilipino.. Neither the original nor the altered version specifies either Tagalog or Pilipino as the basis for the Philippines; Instead, it commissioned the National Assembly to:
take steps towards the development and adoption of a formal national common language to be known as the Philippines.
In 1987, a new constitution designated the Philippines as a national language and, together with English, as the official language. The Constitution includes several provisions related to the Filipino language.
Article XIV, Section 6, omits the mention of Tagalog as the basis for the Philippines, and states that:
when the Philippines develops, it must be further developed and enriched on the basis of Filipino and other languages.
And also stated in the article:
Subject to legal provisions and as Congress may deem appropriate, the Government will take steps to initiate and sustain the use of the Philippines as an official communication medium and as the language of instruction in the education system.
dan:
Regional language is an additional official language in the region and will serve as a teaching assistant in it.
Section 17 (d) of Executive Order 117 dated January 30, 1987 was renamed the national language institute to the Institute of Philippine Languages. Republic Act no. 7104, approved on 14 August 1991, created Komedion sa Wikang Philippines (Philippine Language Commission, or KWF), replacing the Philippine Language Institute. KWF reports directly to the President and is assigned to undertake, coordinate and promote research for the development, dissemination and preservation of Filipino and other Filipino languages. On 13 May 1992, the commission passed Resolution 92-1, stating that the Filipinos are
The original written and spoken language of Metro Manila and other urban centers in the Philippines is used as the language of ethnic group communication.
However, like the 1973 and 1987 Constitutions, 92-1 does not identify and identify these languages ​​as Tagalog. The definite, absolute, and unambiguous interpretation of 92-1 is the prerogative of the Supreme Court with no direction from the KWF, if not the only Filipino language referee.
Filipino was presented and enrolled in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), by Ateneo de Manila University student Martin Gomez and added to the ISO language registry on 21 September 2004 by receiving the ISO 639-2 fil code.
On August 22, 2007, it was reported that three municipal courts of Kota Malolos in Bulacan decided to use Filipino, not English, to promote the national language. Twelve stenographers from Branches 6, 80 and 81, as model courts, have undergone training at the Law School of Bulacan State University Marcelo H. del Pilar following the directions of the Philippine Supreme Court. De la Rama said it was the dream of Justice Reynato Puno to implement the program in other areas such as Laguna, Cavite, Quezon, Nueva Ecija, Batangas, Rizal, and Metro Manila.
Warning
Since 1997, a national language month celebration took place during August, known in the Philippines as Buwan ng Wika . Previously, this only lasted for a week and was known as Linggo ng Wika . The celebration coincided with the birth month of President Manuel L. Quezon, who was regarded as "Ama ng Wikang Pambansa" (the Father of the national language).
In 1946, Proclamation no. 35 on March 26 is reserved for national week-long celebrations. this celebration will take place from 27 March to 2 April each year, the last day to coincide with the birthday of Philippine writer Francisco Baltazar, epic writer Tagalog Florante in Laura.
In 1954, Proclamation No. 12 March 26 stipulates that the week of celebration will take place from 29 March to 4 April each year. This proclamation was changed the following year by President Ramon Magsaysay with Proclamation No. 186 on September 23, moving the date of celebration to 13-19 August each year. It now coincides with the anniversary of President Manuel L. Quezon. The reason for the move was given that the original celebration was a period "beyond the school year, thus precluding school participation in celebration".
In 1988, President Corazon Aquino signed Proclamation No. 19, reaffirming the celebration every August 13-19. In 1997, the celebration was extended from one week to a month by Proclamation 1041 on July 15 signed by President Fidel V. Ramos.
Filipino vs. Tagalog
While the official view (shared by the government, Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino, and a number of educators) is that the Philippines and Tagalog are regarded as separate languages; in practical terms, Filipino can be regarded as the official name of Tagalog, or even a synonym of it. The Filipino language is currently best described as "Tagalog based"; This language is usually called Tagalog in the Philippines and among Filipinos to distinguish it from other Filipino languages, but it has also been known as Filipino to distinguish it from the languages ​​of other countries; the first implying the origin of the region, the latter being national. This is similar to the use of names given to Spanish: Castilian tends to be used in Spanish, and Spanish in international settings.
Political, Tagalog and Filipino demands are equally linguistic; sharing, among other things, the same grammatical structure. On May 23, 2007, Ricardo Maria Nolasco, chair of the KWF and linguist, was acknowledged in a keynote speech during the NAKEM Conference at Mariano Marcos State University in Batac, Ilocos Norte, that the Philippines is only Tagalog in syntax and grammar, with no grammatical element or lexicon from Ilokano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, or other Filipino languages. He further said that this is contrary to the intention of Republic Act no. 7104 which requires that the national language be developed and enriched by the lexicon of the languages ​​of other countries, something that is being done by the commission. On August 24, 2007, Nolasco explained more about the relationship between Tagalog and the Philippines in a separate article, as follows:
Is "Tagalog," "Pilipino" and "Filipino" different languages? No, they are mutually understandable varieties, and therefore belong to one language. According to KWF, the Philippines is a speech varieties spoken in Metro Manila and other city centers where different ethnic groups meet. This is the most prestigious Tagalog type and language used by the national mass media.
Other sizes to distinguish languages ​​from dialects are: different grammar, different languages. "Filipino", "Pilipino" and "Tagalog" share the same grammar. They have the same determinator (ang, ng and sa); the same personal pronouns (siya, ako, niya, kanila, etc.); the same demonstrative pronouns (ito, iyan, doon, etc.); same link (na, at and ay); the same particle (na and pa); and the same verbal affix-in, -an, i- and -um-. In short, the same grammar, the same language.
In connection with the use of the Filipino language, or in particular the promotion of the national language, the associated term Tagalista is often used. While Tagalista literally means "one who specializes in Tagalog or culture" or "Tagalog specialist", in the context of the national language debate and "Imperial Manila", the word < i Tagalista is used as a reference for "those who promote or will promote Tagalog excellence at the expense of [indigenous] [indigenous] native tongues".
See also
- Alphabetical alphabet
- Philippine director
- Philippine Studies
- Filipino Alphabet
- Philippine orthography
- Austronesian Languages ​​
- Sa Aking Mga Kabata
- Tagalog grammar
- Tagalog phonology
- Taglish
- Hiligaynon
- Chavacano
- List of loan words in Tagalog
References
Quote
Source
Source
- Vicassan's New Dictionary of English-Pilipino by Vito C. Santos, ISBN 971-27-0349-5
- Learn Filipino: Book One by Victor Eclar Romero ISBNÃ, 1-932956-41-7
- Lonely Planet Filipino/Tagalog (Travel Talk) ISBNÃ, 1-59125-364-0
- Frema Pilipino Lonely Planet ISBNÃ, 0-86442-432-9
- UP Diksyonaryong Filipino by Virgilio S. Almario (ed.) ISBNÃ, 971-8781-98-6, and ISBNÃ, 971-8781-99-4
- English-Pilipino Dictionary , Consuelo T. Panganiban, ISBN 971-08-5569-7
- Diksyunaryong Filipino-English , Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, ISBN 971-8705-20-1
- English-Filipino-New English Dictionary , by Maria Odulio de Guzman ISBNÃ, 971-08-1776-0
- Dictionary of English-Filipino-French Lim Lim , by Ed Lim (2008), Lulu.com ISBNÃ, 978-0-557-03800-8
- "When I was a child I spoke as a child": Reflects the Limits of Nationalist Language Policy by Danilo Manarpaac. In: Politics of English as the language of the world: the new horizon in postcolonial cultural studies by Christian Mair. Rodopi; 2003 ISBN 978-90-420-0876-2. p.Ã, 479-492.
- Free Filipino Flashcards by CoboCards
External links
- Philippine Language Commission
- Language planning in multilingual countries: The Philippines case, a discussion by linguist and educator Andrew Gonzalez
- Situation of Language Planning in the Philippines, by Andrew Gonzalez, FSC
- Tagalog: National Language Overview
- Tagalog dominance must be balanced with support for all languages ​​- Part 1 (archived from the original in 2007-09-02), Part 2 (archived from the original in 2007-09-03), Part 3 (archived from the original in 2008- 12-30).
- Kalyespeak.com - Learn Philippine Learn Free Languages ​​with Audio Lessons and Podcasts
- TowerofBabelfish.com - Learn Tagalog/Filipino Guide to Tagalog/Filipino
- Language Languageization: Filipino by C. J. Paz, University of the Philippines
- The Filipino language may have
- Learn the Philippine website to learn Tagalog Language and Culture.
- Learn Chrome Apps App Chrome Apps to learn Tagalog Language and Culture.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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