The Prince and the Pauper is a novel by American author Mark Twain. It was first published in 1881 in Canada, prior to the publication of 1882 in the United States. This novel was Twain's first attempt at historical fiction. Set in 1547, he tells the story of two identical young boys in appearance: Tom Canty, a poor man living with his rough dad at Offal Court of Pudding Lane in London, and Prince Edward, son of King Henry VIII.
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Plot
Tom Canty, the youngest of the poor families living in Offal Court located in London, always wants a better life, encouraged by a local priest, who has taught him to read and write. Wandering around the palace gate one day, he met Edward Tudor, Prince of Wales. Coming too close to his intense excitement, Tom was almost caught and beaten by the Guardian of the Kingdom. However, Edward stopped them and invited Tom to his courtroom. There, the two boys knew each other. Enchanted by their individual lives and the incredible resemblance to each other and learning them even born on the same day, they decided to exchange "temporary" places. The Prince soon came out, quickly hiding an important national article, which was then studied by the reader was the Great Seal of England, but dressed like Tom, he was not recognized by the guards, who escorted him from the palace, and eventually found his way through Canty's house. There he was the target of the brutality and abusive Tom daddy's father, from whom he escaped, and met with Miles Hendon, a soldier and nobleman who returned from the war. Although Miles did not believe Edward's claim to royalty, he entertained her and became her patron. Meanwhile, the news came to them that King Henry VIII had died and Edward was now King.
Tom, dressed as Edward, tries to overcome customs and manners in court. The nobility and court staff thought that the prince had a disease, which had caused his memory loss and fear he would go crazy. They repeatedly asked him about the missing English Dogs, but he knew nothing about it. However, when Tom is asked to sit on the judgment, his observations of common sense convince them that his mind is healthy.
When Edward experiences the brutal life of the poor Londoners directly, he becomes aware of the cruel class inequality in Britain. In particular, he saw the cruel and punishing nature of the British judicial system in which people were burned at stake, tampered with, and whipped. He realizes that the defendant is punished for weak evidence and a human brand - or hanged - for minor offenses, and vows to rule with compassion when he regains his legal place. When Edward is unwise to declare to a group of thieves that he is King and will put an end to unjust laws, they consider him crazy and perform a pretense coronation.
After a series of adventures - including duties in prison, Edward interrupts the coronation when Tom will be crowned King. The nobles were surprised at their resemblance, and refused to believe that Edward was the King who was entitled to wear Tom's clothes until he produced the Great British Seal that he hid before leaving the palace.
Edward and Tom return to their place of origin and Edward is crowned King Edward VI of England. Miles was rewarded with the rank of Earl and the right of the family to sit before the King. In gratitude for supporting the new King's claim on the throne, Edward named Tom "King's Ward," a privileged position he held for the rest of his life.
The ending of the story explains that although Edward died at the age of 15, he ruled mercifully because of his experience.
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Themes
The introductory quote - "The quality of grace is... twice blest;/It blesses the one who gives and he who takes:/'This is the strongest in the strongest: it becomes/the better King of his crown" - is part of the " The Quality of Mercy "by Shakespeare The Merchant of Venice .
While written for children, The Prince and the Pauper is a critique of social inequality and criticism for judging others by their appearance. Twain wrote the book, "My idea is to realize the awareness of the increasingly severe law of the day by giving some of their punishment to the King himself and giving him the opportunity to see the rest applied to others..."
History
After returning from the second European tour - which became the basis of A Tramp Abroad (1880) - Twain reads a lot about English and French history. Originally intended as a drama, the book was originally set in the Victorian England before Twain decided to reorganize it into the past. He wrote The Prince and the Pauper has started Adventures of Huckleberry Finn .
The "whipping-boy story," was originally intended as a chapter to be part of The Prince and the Pauper published in the Hartford Bazar Budget on July 4, 1880, before Twain removed it from the novel at the suggestion of William Dean Howells.
Finally, The Prince and the Pauper was published by a subscriber by James R. Osgoode from Boston, illustrated by F.T. Merrill.
This book is dedicated to the daughters of Twain, Susie and Clara Clemens and given the subtitle "A Tale For Young People of All Ages".
Adaptations
Teater
The Prince and the Pauper was adapted for the stage during Twain's life, an adaptation involving Twain in litigation with the playwright. In November 1920, stage adaptation by AmÃÆ'Â © lie Rives was opened on Broadway under the direction of William Faversham, with Faversham as Miles Hendon and Ruth Findlay playing both Tom Canty and Prince Edward.
An Off-Broadway music with music by Neil Berg opened at Lamb's Theater on June 16, 2002. Original players include Dennis Michael Hall as Prince Edward, Gerard Canonico as Tom Canty, Rob Evan as Miles Hendon, Stephen Zinnato as Hugh Hendon, Rita Harvey as Lady Edith, Michael McCormick as John Canty, Robert Anthony Jones as Hermit/Dresser, Sally Wilfert as Mary Canty, Allison Fischer as Lady Jane and Aloysius Gigl as Pastor Andrew. Musical closed August 31, 2003.
British playwright Jemma Kennedy adapted the story into a musical drama performed at London's Unicorn Theater 2012-2013, directed by Selina Cartmell and starring twins Danielle Bird and Nichole Bird as Prince and Pauper and Jake Harders as Miles Hendon.
Comics
In 1946, the story was adapted into a comic form by Arnold L. Hicks in Classics Illustrated ("Classic Comics") # 29, published by Gilberton.
In 1962, Dell Comics convicted Walt Disney's the Prince and the Pauper, illustrated by Dan Spiegle, based on a three-part television adaptation produced by Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
In 1990, Disney Comics published Disney's The Prince and the Pauper , by Scott Saavedra and Sergio Asteriti, based on an animated cartoon feature starring Mickey Mouse.
Movies
This novel also became the basis of several films. In some versions, Prince Edward carries identification when he takes on Tom's role. While animations like the Mickey Mouse version retell the story, other cartoons use parody (including an animated TV show episode of Johnny Bravo where Twain appears, begging cartoonists to "let this tired story die"). Movie critic Roger Ebert suggests that the 1983 comedy film Trading Places (starring Dan Aykroyd and Eddie Murphy) is similar to Twain's story because life moves two characters (though not by choice).
The sterilized 1920 silent version was produced (as one of his first films) by Alexander Korda in Austria entitled Der Prinz und der Bettelknabe . The 1937 version starred in Errol Flynn (as Hendon) and twins Billy and Bobby Mauch as Tom Canty and Edward Tudor, respectively.
The Hindi movie version, King Aur Runk , was released in 1968 and directed by Kotayya Pratyagatma. The movie "Indianization" has many episodes in the original story.
The 1977 film version, starring Oliver Reed as Miles Hendon, starring Rex Harrison (as Duke of Norfolk), Mark Lester and Raquel Welch and directed by Richard Fleischer, was released in England as The Prince and the Poor and in the US as Crossed Swords.
Walt Disney Feature Animation made a 24-minute animated short film 1990, inspired by the novel and starring Mickey Mouse. In this version, Mickey switched places with himself and supported by other Disney characters.
Needed Two , starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen's twins, is a loose translation of this story where two girls (one rich and the other orphan, who resemble each other) swap places to feel each other life respectively.
Bollywood Film 1996 Tere Mere Sapne was based on this story, where two boys born on the same date moved to the life of others, learning valuable lessons along the way.
The 2000 movie directed by Giles Foster starred Aidan Quinn (like Miles Hendon), Alan Bates, Jonathan Hyde, and identical twins Jonathan and Robert Timmins.
In 2004, it was adapted into 85-minute CGI-animated music, Barbie as Princess and the poor, with Barbie playing Princess Anneliese blonde and a poor brunette Eruper. In 2012, a second CGI music adaptation was released, entitled Barbie: The Princess and the Popstar . Inside, Barbie plays a blond princess named Victoria (Tori) and a popstar brunette named Keira. Both crave the lives of others, one day they meet and magically move places.
In 2006, Garfield's second live-action movie Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties was another adaptation of the classic story.
A 2007 movie, Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper starred in identical twins Dylan and Cole Sprouse.
Television
Raju Peda , produced for Indian television in 1954, is an adaptation of Telugu's version of the novel, starring N. T. Rama Rao and directed by B. A. Subba Rao.
In 1957, CBS DuPont Show of the Month offered The Prince and the Pauper adaptation, with Johnny Washbrook from My Friend Flicka as Tom Canty and Rex Thompson as Prince Edward.
A 1962 three-part Walt Disney Wonderful World of Color television adaptation featuring Guy Williams as Miles Hendon. Both Prince Edward and Tom Canty were played by Sean Scully, using the split-screen technique that Disney studios used in The Parent Trap (1961) with Hayley Mills.
Episode 21 of The Monkees , aired on February 6, 1967, entitled "The Prince and the Paupers".
The BBC's 1975 television adaptation starred Nicholas Lyndhurst.
In 1976 ABC Afterschool Special, Lance Kerwin played a double role in the modern American-based adaptation of the story titled P.J. and the President's Son. The BBC produced a television adaptation by author Richard Harris, consisting of six thirty minute episodes, in 1976. Nicholas Lyndhurst plays Prince Edward and Tom Canty.
Ringo , a 1978 special TV starring Ringo Starr, involves former Beatles drumstores with a talentless man.
BBC TV comedy series Blackadder the Third has an episode, "Duel and Duality," in which Prince Regent believes the Duke of Wellington is after him. The prince traded clothes with Blackadder (who was his butler) and said, "This is reminiscent of the story 'The Prince and the Porpoise'." Blackadder corrects him: "The poor, the Prince and the poor." Since Blackadder the Third is set in the early 1800s, this is an anachronism.
In 1996, PBS aired the Wishbone adaptation titled "The Pooch and the Pauper" with Wishbone playing Tom Canty and Edward VI.
The BBC produced a dramatization of six parts of the story in 1996, adapted by Julian Fellowes, starring James Purefoy, with Keith Michell repeating his role of Henry VIII.
The 2011 episode of Phineas and Ferb ("Make Play", season 2, episode 64) follows a similar storyline, with Candace swapping places with Princess Baldegunde from Duselstein and discovering that royal life is boring.
The Japanese anime series 2017 Princess Principal uses a story similar to the background for Ange and Princess Charlotte characters; Their history is expressed by Ange under the guise of a fairy tale named "The Princess and the Pickpocket". Ten years before the start of the series, Ange, who is actually the real Princess Charlotte, meets Princess, who is actually a common pickpocket named Ange and looks identical to her. They were friends with each other and finally decided to swap places for a day. Immediately after the turn, however, a Revolution broke out and divided their country, separating the girls and letting them get caught in their respective roles.
Video game
In 1996, C & amp; E, a Taiwanese software company, released an RPG video game for Sega Genesis titled Xin Qigai Wangzi ("Beggar's New Beginner"). The story is inspired by the book, with the addition of fantastic elements like magic, monsters, and other RPG themes. The game was transferred to PC in 1998. It was finally licensed in English translation and released in 2006 as the Beginning Begin by independent game publisher Super Fighter Team. This is one of the first new games for the Sega platform that was discontinued since 1998 and is probably the first video game adaptation of the book.
See also
- Edward VI's cultural depictions of England
- Mark Twain bibliography
References
External links
- The Prince and the Pauper - searchable and searchable e-text,
- The Prince and the Pauper , with illustrations, in Project Gutenberg
- The Prince and the Pauper public domain audiobook on LibriVox
- Illustrations for The Prince and the Pauper
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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