A Master of Science (Latin: Magister Scientiae , abbreviated MS , MS , MSc , M.Sc. , SM , SM , ScM , or Sc.M. ) is a master's degree in science awarded by a university in many countries, or a person holding the title. Unlike the Master of Arts degree, a Master of Science degree is usually awarded for studies in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine, and usually for programs that focus more on scientific and mathematical subjects; However, different universities have different conventions and can also offer degrees for areas normally considered in the humanities and social sciences. While it ultimately depends on a particular program, getting a Master of Science degree usually includes writing a thesis.
Video Master of Science
Aljazair
Algeria follows the Bologna Process.
Maps Master of Science
Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, PanamÃÆ'¡, PerÃÆ'º and Uruguay
In Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Mexico, Colombia, PanamÃÆ'¡, PerÃÆ'º and Uruguay, Master of Science or Master is a two to four year postgraduate degree. Admission to the Master's program (in Spanish: MaestrÃÆ'a ; Portuguese: Mestrado ) requires full completion of four to five years of bachelor's degree, bachelor's degree or licensed degree of the same length. Defense is required from the research thesis. All master's degrees qualify for a doctoral program.
Australia
Australian universities generally have a Master of Science course for graduate students. They typically run for 1-2 full-time years, with varying amounts of research involved.
Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, all universities, including Bangladesh Agricultural University, Jagannath University, Dhaka University, Chittagong University, Jahangirnagar University, Islamic University, Bangladesh, and Rajshahi University have a Master of Science program as a postgraduate degree. After graduating Bachelor of Science, every student becomes eligible to study in this discipline.
Canada
In Canada, the Master of Science (MSc) degree may be entirely based, fully research-based or (more typical) mixed. Masters programs usually take one to three years to complete and completion of a scientific thesis is often necessary. Admission to the master's program is dependent on holding a four-year university bachelor's degree. Some universities require a master's degree to progress to a doctoral program (PhD).
Quebec
In the province of Quebec, the Master of Science follows the same principles as in other Canada. There is one exception, however, regarding admission to the master program. Since the QuÃÆ'Â © bÃÆ'Â Â © cois students complete two to three years of college before entering university, they have the opportunity to complete a bachelor's degree in three years instead of four. Several bachelor's degrees such as Bachelor of Education and Bachelor of Engineering require four years of study. After earning their bachelor's degree, students may be admitted to the graduate program to finally earn a master's degree.
Chile
Generally Chilean universities have used "Magster" for master's degree, but otherwise it is similar to the rest of South America.
Czech Republic, Slovakia
Like all EU member states, the Czech Republic and Slovakia follow the Bologna Process. The Czech Republic and Slovakia use two master degree systems. Both gave the title of Mgr. or Ing. to use before the name. Older systems require a 5 year program. The new system only takes 2 years but requires a completed 3 year undergraduate program (title Bc. ). It is necessary to write a thesis (both in the master and bachelor program) and also to pass the final exam. Most of the cases are final exams covering the main field of study of all courses, a student is required to prove his knowledge in many subjects he attends for 2 resp. 3 years.
Egypt
The Master of Science (M.Sc.) is an academic degree for a graduate candidate or researcher, usually takes 4 to 7 years after graduating a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree. The master program is awarded in many sciences at the University of Egypt. Completion of the degree requires completing a pre-master study followed by a thesis or scientific research. All M.Sc. degree holders are allowed to take a step forward in academic pathways to earn a PhD.
Finnish
Like all EU member states, Finland follows the Bologna Process. The Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree usually follows a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) study which usually lasts for five years. For completion of undergraduate and master's studies, students must collect a total of 300 ECTS credits, so most of the Master's programs are a two-year program with 120 credits. The completion of a scientific thesis is required.
German
Like all EU member states, Germany follows the Bologna Process. The Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree replaces the ever-familiar Diplom Programs or Masters of 4 to 5 years. It was given in science studies related to high percentage of mathematics. For completion students must collect 300 ECTS Credits, so most Masters programs are a two-year program with 120 credits. The completion of a scientific thesis is required.
Eastern Europe
In the Slavic countries of southeastern Europe (especially the former Yugoslav republic), the educational system was largely based on the German university system (largely because of the presence and influence of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the region). Prior to the execution of the Bologna Process, the university's academic studies consist of a 4-5 year postgraduate Diploma program, which can be followed by a 2-4 year Masters Program, and then with 2-4 years Doctoral Studies .
After the implementation of the Bologna Process, once again based on the German implementation, the title and program Diplom were replaced by M.Sc. and the M.A program. (depending on field of study). The study is structured in such a way that the Master program lasts long enough for students to collect a total of 300 ECTS credits, so the duration will depend on the amount of credit earned during the undergraduate studies. The Pre-Bologna Program Magister was abandoned - after earning a M.Sc/M.A. Degree and meet other academic requirements a student may continue to obtain a Doctor of Philosophy degree directly.
Guyana
In Guyana, all universities, including Guyana University, American Texila University, American International School of Medicine have a Master of Science program as a postgraduate degree. Students who have completed a Bachelor of Science degree are eligible to study in this discipline
Iran
In Iran, similar to Canada, the Master of Science (MSc) or in the form of Iranian Karshenasi-arshad degrees may be fully course-based, fully research-based or sometimes mixed. Masters programs usually take two to three years to complete and completion of a scientific thesis is often necessary.
ireland
Like all EU member states, Ireland follows the Bologna Process. In Ireland, the Master of Science (MSc) may be based on research components, or fully based on research. This program is most often a one-year program and a thesis is required for both a research-based and research-based degree.
Israel
In Israel, the Master of Science (MSc) may be entirely based on courses or including research. This program is most often a two-year program and a thesis is only required for a degree based on research.
India
In India, universities offer MSc programs normally in science subjects. In general, in India, the post graduate program of science leads to a Master of Science (MSc) degree while a postgraduate course leads to ME or MTech degree. For example, a master in automotive engineering is usually ME or MTech, while a master in physics will be an MSc. Some universities such as IIT offer MS degrees for masters in engineering. This degree is considered to be more research-oriented than MTech or ME. Some of the top universities also offer undergraduate programs leading to a master's degree known as an integrated master.
The Master of Science in Engineering (M.Sc.Eng.) Degree is also offered in India. These are typically structured as engineering research degrees, lower than Ph.D. and is considered parallel to M. Phil. degree in humanities and science. currently in India M.S. degree awarded by various IISER, which is one of the top institutions in India.
Italy
Like all EU member states, Italy follows the Bologna Process. The title of Master of Science is given in Italian form, Laurea Magistrale (formerly Laurea specialistica ; before the introduction of Laurea related level is Laurea quinquennale , or Vecchio Ordinamento ).
Nepal
In Nepal, the university offers a master's degree in science usually in science and engineering. Tribhuvan University offers an MSc degree for all science and engineering courses. Pokhara University offers ME for engineering and MSc for science. Kathmandu University offers MS degree by Research and ME for science and engineering.
Dutch
Like all EU member states, the Netherlands follows the Bologna Process. Graduates awarded a Master of Science degree (abbreviated as MSc) may still use a Dutch title previously awarded with ingenieur (abbreviated ir.) (For graduates who follow a technical or agricultural program), meester (abbreviated as mr.) (for graduates who follow LLM's legal program) or doctorandus (abbreviated drs.) (in all other cases).
New Zealand
The University of New Zealand generally has a Master of Science course for graduate students. They usually run for 2 full-time years, with varying amounts of research involved.
Norway
Norway follows the Bologna Process. For engineering, an academic degree Master of Science has recently been introduced and has replaced the previous "SivilingeniÃÆ'¸r" (engineer, master of a.k.a) and "Hovedfag" (academic masters) award form. Both are awarded after 5 years of university-level studies and require completion of a scientific thesis.
"Siv.ing", is an exclusively protected title awarded to engineering students completing a five-year education at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norway: Norges tehk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , NTNU) or other universities. Historically no college degrees are involved, and today's program is a five-year master's degree education. The title "Siv.ing" is in the process of being removed, replaced by (for now, equipped with) "M.Sc." title. In general, "Siv.ing" is a title held for the sake of tradition. In the academic world, the new program offers a separate three year and two year master program. It is given in the natural sciences, mathematics, and computer science fields. The completion of a scientific thesis is required. All master's degrees are designed to ensure the level of education and are eligible for a doctoral program.
The Master of Science in Business is an English degree for those who take higher business titles, "SivilÃÆ'¸konom" in Norway. In addition, there are, for example, the 'Master of Business Administration' (MBA), a practical masters degree in business, but with less mathematics and econometrics, due to less specific entry requirements and a smaller focus on research.
Pakistan
Pakistan inherited a convention relating to higher education from Britain after independence in 1947. The Master of Science degree is usually abbreviated as M.Sc. (As in England) and given after 16 years of education (equivalent to a bachelor's degree in the United States and many other countries). Recently, in pursuit of some reforms by the Pakistan Higher Education Commission (Supervisory Board of higher education in Pakistan), the traditional 2-year Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree has been replaced by a 4-year Bachelor of Science Degree, shortened as BS to allow Pakistan's degrees with the rest of the world. Furthermore, students who graduate 4 years B.S. a degree awarded after 16 years of education is then eligible to apply for M.S. degree, which is considered to be equivalent to a Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) degree.
Polish
Like all EU member states, Poland follows the Bologna Process. The Polish equivalent of Master of Science is "magister" (abbreviated "mgr", pre-nominally written as "Dr"). Starting in 2001, the Master of Science (MSc) program normally lasts 5 years starting to be replaced as below:
- 3 year association program (called "licencjat" not pre-nominal or headline abbreviated.)
- a 3.5-year engineer program (termed "ynier", utilizing the pre-nominal abbreviation "in ?.")
- 2 year old master program is open for "licencjat" and "in?." graduates.
- 1.5 year old master program only opened for "di?" graduates.
The degree is awarded primarily in the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, economics, as well as in art and other disciplines. Those who graduate from an engineering program before being given a master's degree are allowed to use "mgr in ?." pre-nominal ("master engineer"). This is most common in engineering and agriculture. Defense is required from the research thesis. All master's degrees in Poland are eligible for a doctoral program.
Russian
The title "master" was introduced by Alexander I on January 24, 1803. The Master has a middle position between the candidate and the doctor according to the decision "About the college structure". The master's degree was removed from 1917 to 1934. Russia follows the Bologna Process for higher education in Europe since 2011.
Spanish
Like all EU member states, Spain follows the Bologna Process. The Master of Science (MSc) degree is a program officially recognized by the Spanish Ministry of Education. It usually involves 1 or 2 years of full-time study. It is targeted at pre-experience candidates who have just completed their undergraduate studies. An MSc degree can be awarded in each subject area. An MSc degree is required to advance to a PhD. MSci, MPhil, and DEA equivalent in Spain.
Swedish
Like all EU member states, Sweden follows the Bologna Process. The bachelor's degree Master of Science, as in Germany, was recently introduced in Sweden. Students who study the Master of Science in Engineering program are rewarded with both a British Master of Science degree, but also the Swedish equivalent of "Teknologisk masterexamen". While "CivilingenjÃÆ'¶r" is education for at least five years.
Syria
The Master of Science is a degree that can be studied only in public universities. The program is normally 2 years old, but can be extended to 3 or 4 years, students are required to pass a certain bachelor degree to attend a certain master science degree program, the master of science is mostly a research master (except for several types of programs organized with foreign university cooperation) Students must attend several courses in the first year of master then he should prepare a research thesis. Publishing two research papers is recommended and will increase the final evaluation value.
United Kingdom
The Master of Science (MSc) is usually a taught postgraduate degree, which involves lectures, examinations and project dissertations (typically taking a third of the program). The Master's program usually involves a minimum of 1 year of full-time study (180 UK credits, of which 150 must be at the master's level) and sometimes up to 2 years of full-time (or part-time part-time) studies. Master's taught degrees are usually classified into Pass, Merit and Distinction (although some universities do not provide Merit). Some universities also offer a Master of Science (MSc) by a research program, in which a longer project or a series of projects is done full-time; a master's degree by research usually pass/fail, although some universities may offer a difference.
The recent Master's Degree in Science (MSci or M.Sci.) (Master of Natural Science at the University of Cambridge), is an undergraduate degree integrated undergraduate degree offered by British institutions since the 1990s. It is offered as the first degree with the first three (four in Scotland) the same year as the BSc course and the last year (120 UK credits) at the master's level, including the dissertation. The final MSCI qualification is thus on the same level as the traditional MSc.
United States
A Master of Science (Masters Degree in ScientiÃÆ'Â| ) degree is usually a two-year full-time degree often abbreviated as "MS" or "M.S." This is the main type in most subjects and may be fully course-based, fully research-based, or (more typically) a combination of the two. This combination often involves writing and defending the thesis or completing a research project that represents the culmination of the material being studied.
Admission to the master's program usually relies on holding a bachelor's degree, and progressing to a doctoral program may require a master's degree. In some fields or postgraduate courses, doctoral work may begin immediately after a bachelor's degree. Some programs provide bachelor's and master's degrees together after about five years. Some universities use the Latin title name, and because of the flexibility of word order in Latin, the Artium Magister (AM) or ScientiÃÆ'Â| Magister (SM or Sc.M.) can be used in some institutions.
See also
- Master of Science in Computer Science
- Master of Science in Accounting
- Master of Science in Administration
- Master of Science in Corporate Communications
- Master of Science in Project Management
- Master of Science in Economics
- Master of Science in Engineering
- Master in Science in the Field of Finance
- Master of Science in Information Systems
- Master of Science in Information Technology
- Master in Science in Management
- Master of Science in Nursing
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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