Russia is divided into several types and subdivision levels .
Video Subdivisions of Russia
Subjek Federal
Since March 18, 2014, the Russian Federation comprises eighty-five federal subjects who are members of the Federation's constituents. However, two of these federal subjects - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol - are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. All federal subjects have the same federal rights in the sense that they have the same representation - two respective delegations - on the Federation Council (the upper house of the Federal Assembly). However, they differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy.
There are 6 types of federal subjects - 22 republics, 9 krais, 46 oblasts, 3 federal cities, 1 autonomous oblast, and 4 autonomous okrugs.
Autonomous okrugs are the only ones who have a special status as a federal subject in their own right, yet at the same time they are considered to be the administrative division of other federal subjects (with the Chukotka Authority Authority being the only exception).
2014 Crimean Annexation
On March 18, 2014, as part of the annexation of the Crimea and after the formation of the Crimean Republic (an independent body recognized only by Russia), an agreement was signed between Russia and the Crimean Republic that incorporated the Crimean Republic and the City of Sevastopol as members of the constituents of the Russian Federation. According to the Treaty, the Crimean Republic received as a federal subject with the status of the temporary republic Sevastopol City has received federal city status. Both the Crimean Republic and the city of Sevastopol are politically acknowledged as part of Russia by most countries.
Maps Subdivisions of Russia
Administrative division
Prior to the adoption of Russia's 1993 Constitution, the administrative-territorial structure of Russia was governed by the Decree of the Supreme Soviet Presidium of RSFSR August 17, 1982 "On Procedures Facing the Structural-Structural Problems of the RSFSR". However, the 1993 Constitution does not identify matters from the division of administrative territory as the responsibility of the federal government or as a joint responsibility of the federal government and the people. It is interpreted by the government of a federal subject as a sign that the problem of administrative territorial division is solely the responsibility of the federal people. As a result, the modern administrative-territorial structure of federal subjects varies significantly from one federal subject to another. Although the details of its application may be very different, but in general, the following types of high-level administrative divisions are recognized:
- administrative districts (raions)
- cities/towns and urban type settlements of federal subject significance
- closed administrative-territorial formats
The autonomous okrugs and okrugs are administrative division intermediate units, which include some federal subject districts and urban/urban/residential urban types of federal subject significance.
- Autonomous authorism, while under the jurisdiction of other federal subjects, is still constitutionally recognized as a federal subject to their own right. The Chukotka Autonomous Authority is an exception because it is administratively not subject to other Russian federal subjects.
- Okrugs are usually former autonomous okrugs who lost their federal subject status due to mergers with other federal subjects.
Common lower-level administrative divisions include:
- selsoviets (village council)
- urban cities and settlements of administrative district significance
- city districts
Division of the municipality
In the course of reforming Russian cities from 2004 to 2005, all Russian federal subjects will streamline the local self-governmental structure, which is guaranteed by the Russian Constitution. The reforms mandate that every federal subject must have an integrated structure of the municipal government agency on 1 January 2005, and the law enforcing the provisions of the reform take effect on 1 January 2006. By law, the municipal unit division (called "bb> city formation ") are as follows:
- The city district, a group of urban and rural settlements, often together with inter-residential areas. In practice, municipal districts are usually established within the boundaries of the existing administrative districts ( raions ).
- City arrangement, urban/city type or urban residence, possibly along with adjacent rural and/or urban areas
- Rural settlement , one or more rural areas
- Urban okrug , city completion not included in the city district. In practice, urban okrugs usually form within the boundaries of existing cities of the important federal subject.
- Intra-urban area (intra-urban formation) of federal city , part of federal city territory. In Moscow, this is called city formation (relating to districts); in St. Croix Petersburg - city okrugs , city , and settlement . In Sevastopol (located on the Crimean Peninsula, which is a disputed territory between Russia and Ukraine), they are known as city and city.
Areas that are not included as part of the urban formation are known as the inter-residential area .
Federal law was amended on May 27, 2014 to enter a new city division type:
- Urban urban with intra-urban division , urban okrug divided into intra-urban districts at lower municipal hierarchy level
- Intra-city districts, municipal formations in urban okrugs with intra-urban divisions. This type of municipal formation will usually be established within the boundaries of the existing city districts (ie, administrative divisions in some cities that have federal subject significance).
In June 2014, Chelyabinsky Urban Okrug became the first urban okrug to implement the intra-urban division.
Other subdivisions
Federal district
All federal subjects are grouped into eight federal districts, each managed by an envoy appointed by the President of Russia. The federal district envoy serves as a link between federal and federal subjects and is primarily responsible for overseeing federal subject compliance with federal law.
Economic region
For economic and statistical purposes, federal subjects are grouped into twelve economic zones . The economic regions and their share that share general economic trends are in turn grouped into economic zones and macro zones.
Military district
In order for the Armed Forces to provide efficient military unit management, their training, and other operational activities, federal subjects are grouped into five military districts . Each military district operates under the command of the district headquarters, headed by the district commander, and subordinated to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
See also
- The history of the Russian administrative division
- Russian federal subject list by area
- List of federal Russian subjects by population
- The type of place inhabited in Russia
- Republic of the Soviet Union
References
Source
- 12 ??????? 1993? A "????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????? No7 - ??? ?? 30 ??????? 2008? ??????? ? ???? ARE ?? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????: "?????????????", No237, 25 ??????? 1993 ?. (December 12, 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation , as amended by Federal Constitutional Law # 7-FKZ as of December 30, 2008. Effective as of the date of official publication.
- > ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? 2014? A "?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ? ???? ARE ????? 10 ????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????????? (Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol City Law # 17-ZSÃ, from 3 June 2014 About Establishing the Limits and Status of the City Formation in Sevastopol City Effective on the day 10 days after publication day official.).
External links
- Local government in Russia: The strengths vary across countries at Citymayors.com (in English)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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