The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to geography:
Geography - study the earth and its people.
Video Outline of geography
Nature geography
Geography is
- an academic discipline - a body of knowledge given to - or received by - a disciple (disciple); branch or field of knowledge, or field of study, chosen by a person to specialize. Modern geography is an all-embracing discipline that seeks to understand the Earth and all the complexities of man and his nature - not just where objects are, but how they have changed and become reality. Geography has been called 'the discipline of the world'.
- the field of knowledge - a category of specialty expertise that is widely recognized in science, and usually embodies its own terminology and nomenclature. Such a field will usually be represented by one or more scientific journals, where research peer reviewed is published. There are many scientific journals related to geography.
- natural science - the field of academic scholarship that explores aspects of the natural environment (physical geography).
- social science - the field of academic scholarship that explores aspects of human society (human geography).
- an interdisciplinary field - a field that crosses traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought, as new needs and professions have emerged. Many branches of physical geography are also branches of Earth science.
Maps Outline of geography
Geographic branch
As a "bridge between human and physical science," geography is divided into two main branches:
- human geography
- physical geography
Other branches include:
- integrated geography
- geomatics
- regional geography
Regional geography - the study of regions of the world. Attention is given to the unique characteristics of a particular region such as natural elements, human elements, and regionalization that include techniques of depiction of space into regions. Regional geography breaks down into specific area studies.
Region - an area, defined by physical characteristics, human characteristics, or functional characteristics. This term is used in various ways among different branches of geography. An area can be seen as a smaller set of units, such as its state and political division, or as a part of a larger whole, as in a country on the continent.
Supercontinents
A supercontinent list A supercontinent is a land consisting of more than one continent of a nucleus, or a craton.
- Afro-Eurasia (formed 5 million years ago)
- America (formed 15 million years ago)
- Eurasia (formed 60 million years ago)
Continent
Continent - one of the few large landmasses on Earth. They are generally identified by conventions rather than specific criteria, but seven areas are generally considered to be continents. They:
-
- 1. Africa Ã, (outline) -
- 2. Antarctic -
- 3. Australia Ã, (outline) -
- Americas:
- 4. North America Ã, (outline) -
- 5. South America Ã, (outline) -
- Eurasia:
- 6. Europe Ã, (outline) -
- 7. Asia Ã, (outline) -
Subcontinent
Subregion (list)
Biogeographic region
Ecozone
Ecozone World Wildlife Fund (WWF) developed a system of eight biogeography (ecozones):
- Nearctic 22.9 miles away. kmÃ,² (including most of North America)
- Palearktika 54.1 miles. kmÃ,² (including most of Eurasia and North Africa)
- Afrotropic 22.1 miles. kmÃ,² (including Sub-Saharan Africa)
- Indomalaya 7.5 miles. kmÃ,² (including the sub continent of South Asia and Southeast Asia)
- Australasia 7.7 million. kmÃ,² (including Australia, New Guinea, and neighboring islands). The northern boundary of this zone is known as the Wallace line.
- Neotropic 19.0 miles away. kmÃ,² (including South America and Caribbean)
- Oceania 1.0 miles away. kmÃ,² (including Polynesia, Fiji and Micronesia)
- Antarctica 0.3 miles away. kmÃ,² (including Antarctica).
Ekoregion
Ecoregion Ecozones is further divided into ecoregions. The world has more than 800 terrestrial ecoregions. View Ecoregion List by country.
Geography of the World political division
Other regions
- The Atlantic world
- Bermuda Triangle
- Pacific Circle
- Pacific Ring of Fire
History of geography
Topics related to the World's geographic study throughout history :
With period
- Ancient path
- Ancient Greek Geography
- Age of discovery
- The main exploration after the Discovery Era
- Critical geography
- Environmental determinism
By region
- Chinese geography
- The history of human geography in China
Based on
- The world's historical population
With field
- The history of human geography
- The history of cartography
- Longitude history
- Prize Longitude
- Longitude history
- The history of cultural geography
- The history of economic geography
- Health geography history
- The history of political geography
- Demographic history
- The history of cartography
- History of physical geography
- Biogeographic history
- Climatological history
- Meteorological history
- The history of geodesy
- Geomorphological history
- Hydrological history
- The history of oceanography
- Landscape ecology history
- Regional geography history
Geography element
Common topics for different branches of geography include:
Geographic tasks and tools
- Exploration - the act of traveling and searching for resources or information about the land or the space itself. Geocode (Geospatial Entity Object Code) - geospatial coordinate system to determine the exact location of the geospatial point at, below, or above the surface of the earth at any given time.
- Geographic information system (GIS) - a set of tools that capture, store, analyze, manage, and present location-related data. Combines cartographic elements, statistical analysis, and database technology.
- Globe - a three-dimensional scale model of a spherical spacecraft like a planet, a star, or a moon.
- The terrestrial ball - the globe.
- Map - a visual representation of an area, which describes elements of the area such as objects, regions, and themes.
- Atlas - a collection of maps, usually from Earth or its territory.
- Cartography - map making and practice.
- Map projection - any method that represents the surface of the sphere or other shape on the plane. Needed to create a map.
- Demographics - characteristics of the human population as used in government research, marketing or opinion, or demographic profiles used in the study. Different from demography, which is a statistical study of human population.
- Spatial analysis - various statistical techniques used to study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties.
- Surveys - techniques and science accurately determine the position of terrestrial or three-dimensional points and the distance and angle between them. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and are often used to create land maps and boundaries for government ownership or purpose.
Geographic feature type
Geographic features - components of a planet that can be called a location, place, site, area, or region, and therefore can appear on the map. Geographic features may be natural or artificial.
Locations and places
- Locations -
- Absolute location -
- Latitude -
- The main Meridian -
- Longitude -
- Equator -
- Tropic of Cancer -
- Tropic of Capricorn -
- Elevation -
- Elevation -
- Latitude -
- Absolute location -
- Places
- Aspect of place or region
- Climate -
- Population -
- Demographics -
- Population density -
- Overpopulation -
- The world population -
- Demographics -
- Sense of place -
- Terrain -
- Topography -
- Attractions -
- Place list -
- Aspect of place or region
Natural geographic features
Natural geographical features - ecosystem or natural landform.
Ecosystem
The ecosystems of living organisms in relation to the non-living components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interact as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are considered to be interconnected through the nutrient cycle and energy flow.
- Biodiversity hotspot
- Ecozone - the widest biogeographic division of the Earth's surface, based on the distribution patterns of terrestrial organisms.
- Ecoprovince - a smaller ecozone biogeography unit containing one or more ecoregions.
- Ecoregion -
- Ecodistrict -
- Ecosection -
- Ecosite -
- Ecotope -
- Ecoelement -
- Ecotope -
- Ecosite -
- Ecoregion -
- Ecoprovince - a smaller ecozone biogeography unit containing one or more ecoregions.
- Biome -
- Bioregion -
- Biotope -
- Bioelement -
- Biotope -
- Bioregion -
Natural landscape
Natural landscapes - terrain or bodies of water. The landscape is a topographical element, and is determined by the shape of the surface and its location in the landscape. The landscape is categorized by traits such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil types. Some landscapes are artificial, such as certain islands, but most natural formations are natural.
Natural terrain feature type
- Continent -
- The island -
- Mainland -
- Mount -
- Range of mountains -
- Subbenua -
Natural water body type
- Natural waters -
- Marine waters
- Channels -
- Firth -
- Port -
- Inlet -
- Bay -
- Bight -
- Gulf -
- Cove -
- Creek (ups and downs) -
- Estuary -
- Fjord (fiord) -
- Bay -
- Kettle -
- Kill -
- Laguna -
- Barachois -
- Loch -
- Arm of the sea -
- Mere -
- Oceans -
- Phytotelma -
- Salt swamp -
- Sea -
- Sea type:
- Mediterranean Sea -
- Sound -
- Marine components or extensions:
- Sea loch -
- Sea lough -
- Sea type:
- Strait -
- Fresh water
- Bayou -
- Lake (list) -
- Oxbow Lake -
- Subglacial lake -
- Tarn -
- Swimming -
- Swimming -
- Billabong -
- Tide pool -
- Vernal pool -
- Inundation -
- Swimming -
- River (list) -
-
- Parts of the river:
- Quick -
- Resources -
- Waterfall (list) -
-
- Roadstead -
- Spring -
- Boil -
- Stream -
- Beck -
- Brook -
- Burn -
- Creek -
- Arroyo (small river) -
- Wash -
- Images -
- Arroyo (small river) -
- Run -
- Wetlands -
- Freshwater swamp -
- Slough (wetlands) -
- The mangrove swamp -
- Marine waters
Artificial geographic features
Some awards and competitions in the field of geography:
- Geography Cup -
- Gold Medal -
- Hubbard Medal -
- National Geographic Championship -
- Victorian Medal -
Influential people in geography
The educational framework in which the primary and secondary school curricula for geography is based on includes:
- Five geography themes -
- Locations - positions or points that occupy something on the surface of the Earth.
- Places -
- Human-environment interactions -
- motion -
- Territory -
- The six "key elements" identified by the Geographic Education Standards Project, in which the National Geographic Standards they develop are set:
- The world within the scope
- Places and territories
- The physical system
- The human system
- Environment and society
- Geographic usage
- Three geographic content areas of the 2010 National Assessment on Education Progress (AS):
- Space and place
- Environment and society
- Spatial dynamics and connections
See also
References
External links
- Pidwirny, Michael. (2014). Glossary for Physical Geography. Planet Earth Publishing, Kelowna, Canada. ISBN: 9780987702906. Available on Google Play.
- Pidwirny, Michael. (2014). Understanding Physical Geography. Planet Earth Publishing, Kelowna, Canada. ISBN: 9780987702944. Available on Google Play.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments