Manufacturing Engineering is a professional engineering branch that deals with the understanding and application of Technical Procedures in Manufacturing Process and Production Method. Manufacturing Engineering requires the ability to plan manufacturing practices; to research and develop tools, processes, machinery and equipment; and to integrate facilities and systems to produce quality products with optimal capital expenditure
The main focus of Manufacturing or Production Engineer is to convert Raw Material into an Updated product or New Product that is most effective, efficient & amp; economic way possible.
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Overview
Manufacturing Engineering is based on core industrial engineering and mechanical engineering skills, adding important elements of mechatronics, commerce, economics and business management. This field also deals with the integration of various facilities and systems to produce quality products (with optimum expenditure) by applying the principles of physics and manufacturing system study results, as follows:
Manufacturing engineers develop and create physical artifacts, production processes, and technologies. This is a very broad area that includes product design and development. Manufacturing engineering is considered a subdiscipline of industrial engineering/systems engineering and has a very strong overlap with mechanical engineering. The failure or failure of manufacturing engineers has a direct impact on technological advances and the spread of innovation. This field of manufacturing engineering emerged from tools and discipline in the early 20th century. This greatly evolved from the 1960s when industrialized countries introduced factories by:
1. Numerical control machine tool and automatic production system.
2. Sophisticated quality control statistical methods: These factories were spearheaded by American electrical engineer William Edwards Deming, initially ignored by his home country. The same quality control methods then transform Japanese factories into world leaders in cost-effectiveness and production quality.
3. Industrial robot on the factory floor, introduced in the late 1970s: This computer-controlled welding and release arm can perform simple tasks such as installing car doors quickly and flawlessly 24 hours a day. Cutting this cost and increasing production speed.
Maps Manufacturing engineering
History
The history of manufacturing techniques can be traced to factories in the mid-19th century US and Britain in the 18th century. Although large production sites and production workshops were established in China, ancient Rome and the Middle East, Venezia Arsenal provided one of the first examples of factories in the modern sense of the word. Founded in 1104 in the Venetian Republic several hundred years before the Industrial Revolution, the factory mass-produced ships on assembly lines using manufactured parts. The Venice Arsenal turns out to produce almost one ship every day and, at its peak, employs 16,000 people.
Many historians regard the Soho Matthew Boulton Factory (founded in 1761 in Birmingham) as the first modern factory. Similar claims can be made for the John Lombe silk factory in Derby (1721), or Richard Arkwright's Cromford Mill (1771). The Cromford plant is specifically designed to accommodate the equipment held and retrieve the material through various manufacturing processes.
A historian, Murno Gladst, argues that the first factory was in Potosa. The Potosi plant takes advantage of the abundant silver mined nearby and processes the silver slugs into coins.
The English colonies of the nineteenth century built the factory only as a building where large numbers of workers gathered to do handwork, usually in textile production. It is proven to be more efficient for the administration and distribution of materials to individual workers than to previous manufacturing methods, such as the home industry or extinguishing system.
Cotton factories use inventions such as steam engines and power looms to pioneer industrial plants in the 19th century, where precision machine tools and replaceable parts allow for greater efficiency and less waste. This experience forms the basis for further studies of manufacturing techniques. Between 1820 and 1850, non-mechanical factories replaced traditional handyman shops as the dominant form of manufacturing institutions.
Henry Ford further revolutionized the concept of the factory and thus manufacturing engineering in the early 20th century with mass production innovations. Highly specialized workers located along a series of rotating ramps will build products such as (in the case of Ford) cars. This concept dramatically lowers the cost of production for virtually all manufactured goods and brings the era of consumerism.
Modern developments
Modern manufacturing engineering studies cover all the intermediate processes required for the production and integration of product components.
Some industries, such as semiconductors and steel manufacturers use the term "fabrication" for this process.
Automation is used in many manufacturing processes such as machining and welding. Automatic manufacturing refers to the application of automation to generate goods at the factory. The main advantages of automated manufacturing to manufacturing processes are realized by effective automation implementation and include: higher consistency and quality, reduced waiting time, production simplification, reduced handling, improved workflow, and employee morale.
Robotics is a mechatronics and automation application for making robots, often used in manufacturing to perform dangerous, unpleasant, or repetitive tasks. These robots may have any shape and size, but they are already programmed and physically interact with the world. To make a robot, an engineer usually uses kinematics (to determine the range of motion of the robot) and mechanics (to determine the pressure inside the robot). Robots are widely used in manufacturing techniques.
Robots allow businesses to save money on labor, perform tasks that are too dangerous or too precise for humans to work economically, and to ensure better quality. Many companies use robotic assembly lines, and some manufacturers are so robotized that they can walk on their own. Outside the factory, robots have been employed in bomb disposal, space exploration, and many other fields. Robots are also sold for a variety of residential applications.
Education
Manufacturing Engineers
Manufacturing Engineers focus on Design, Development and Operation of Integrated Production System to get High Quality & amp; Competitive Products Competitive. This system may include Material Handling Equipment, Machine Tools, Robot or even Computer/Computer Network.
Certification program
The manufacturing engineer has a bachelor's degree or a degree in engineering with a major in manufacturing engineering. The length of study for such a degree is usually two to five years followed by five years more professional practice to qualify as a professional engineer. Working as a manufacturing engineering technologist involves a more application-oriented qualification path.
An academic degree for a manufacturing engineer is usually an Associate or Bachelor of Engineering, [BE] or [BEng], and an Associate or Bachelor of Science, [BS] or [BSc]. For manufacturing technology, the required degree is Associate or Bachelor of Technology [B.TECH] or Associate or Bachelor of Applied Science [BASc] in Manufacturing, depending on the university. The Master's degree in manufacturing engineering includes Master of Engineering [ME] or [MEng] in Manufacturing, Master of Science [M.Sc] in Manufacturing Management, Master of Science [M.Sc] in Industrial and Production Management, and Master of Science [M.Sc] as well as Master of Engineering [ME] in Design, which is a subdiscipline of manufacturing. Doctoral [PhD] or course [DEng] level in manufacturing is also available depending on the university.
The undergraduate curriculum generally includes courses in physics, mathematics, computer science, project management, and specific topics in mechanical engineering and manufacturing. Initially the topic covers most, if not all, of the subdisciplines of manufacturing techniques. Students then choose to specialize in one or more subdisciplines at the end of their degree work.
Syllabus
Basic Curriculum for Bachelor Degree in Manufacturing Engineering or Production Engineering including the Syllabus mentioned below. This syllabus is closely related to Industrial Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. But Unlike Placing More Emphasis on Manufacturing Science or Production Science. These include the following:
- Mathematics (Calculus, Differential Equations, Statistics, and Linear Algebra)
- Mechanics (Static & Dynamics)
- Solid Mechanics
- Fluid Mechanics
- Materials Science
- Strength of Materials
- Fluid Dynamics
- Hydraulics
- Pneumatic
- HVAC (Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning)
- Heat Transfer
- Applied Thermodynamics
- Energy Conversion
- Instrumentation and Measurements
- Drawing Techniques (Drafting) & amp; Engineering Design
- Engineering Graphics
- Mechanism Design including Kinematics and Dynamics
- Manufacturing Process
- Mechatronics
- Circuit Analysis
- Lean Manufacturing
- Automation
- Reverse Engineering
- Quality Control
- CAD (Computer Aided Design that includes Solid Modeling) and CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)
Degree in Manufacturing Engineering versus Mechanical Engineering will usually be Different only with some Special Class. Mechanical Engineering degree focuses more on Product Design Process and on Complex Products that require more Mathematics Skills.
Manufacturing engineering certification
Certification and license:
In some countries, "professional engineers" are terms for licensed or licensed engineers who are permitted to offer their professional services directly to the public. Professional Engineers, abbreviated (PE - USA) or (PEng - Canada), are designations for licenses in North America. To qualify for this license, a candidate requires a bachelor's degree from a recognized university ABET in the United States, a graduation score on a state exam, and four years of work experience usually obtained through a structured internship. In the US, newer graduates have the option to divide the licensing process into two segments. The Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) examinations are often taken immediately after graduation and Principles and Practice of Engineering exams are taken after four years of working in selected engineering fields.
Sertifikasi Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) (AS):
SME manages special qualifications for the manufacturing industry. This is not a bachelor degree qualification and is not recognized at the professional engineering level. The following discussion deals only with US qualifications only. Qualified candidates for the Certified Manufacturing Technologist Certificate (CMfgT) must pass a three-hour, 130-hour multiple choice test. Exams include math, manufacturing processes, manufacturing management, automation, and related subjects. In addition, a candidate must have at least four years of combined education and work experience related to manufacturing.
Certified Manufacturing Engineer (CMfgE) is a engineering qualification run by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, Michigan, USA. Qualified candidates for a Certified Manufacturing Engineer qualification must pass the multiple choice test four times, 180 questions covering a more in-depth topic than the CMfgT exam. The CMfgE candidate must also have eight years of combined education and work experience related to manufacturing, with a minimum of four years of work experience.
Certified Engineering Manager (CEM). Certificate The Certified Engineering Manager is also designed for engineers with eight years of combined education and manufacturing experience. This test is four hours long and has 160 multiple choice questions. The CEM certification exams include business processes, teamwork, responsibilities, and other management related categories.
Modern tools
Many manufacturing companies, especially those in industrialized countries, have started incorporating computer engineering (CAE) programs into their existing design and analysis processes, including 2D and 3D (CAD) computer-aided modeling. This method has many benefits, including easier and more complete product visualization, the ability to create a collection of virtual components, and ease of use in designing mating and tolerance interfaces.
Other CAE programs commonly used by product manufacturers include product lifecycle management tools (PLMs) and analytical tools used to perform complex simulations. Analyzers can be used to predict the product response to expected load, including fatigue life and manufacturing capability. These tools include finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM).
By using the CAE program, the mechanical design team can quickly and inexpensively repeat the design process to develop better products to meet cost, performance, and other constraints. No physical prototype needs to be made until the design is almost complete, allowing hundreds or thousands of designs to be evaluated, rather than relatively few. In addition, the CAE analysis program can model complex physical phenomena that can not be solved by hand, such as viscoelasticity, complex contact between the marriage section, or non-Newtonian flow.
Just as manufacturing engineering is linked to other disciplines, such as mechatronics, multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is also used with other CAE programs to automate and improve iterative design processes. The MDO tool encloses an existing CAE process, enabling product evaluation to continue even after the analyst goes home for the day. They also use sophisticated optimization algorithms to more intelligently explore possible designs, often finding better innovative solutions to difficult multidisciplinary design problems.
Worldwide Manufacturing Engineering
Manufacturing engineering is a very important discipline worldwide. It goes by different names in different countries. In the United States and continental EU, commonly known as Industrial Engineering and in the UK and Australia is called Manufacturing Engineering
Subdisciplines
Mechanics
Mechanics, in its most general sense, is the study of its power and influence on matter. Normally, mechanical engineering is used to analyze and predict acceleration and deformation (both elastic and plastic) of objects under known strength (also called load) or pressure. Subdisciplines of mechanics include:
- Statics, the study of immovable objects under a known load
- Dynamics (or kinetics), the study of how forces affect body movement
- Mechanics of materials, the study of how various materials change shape in different types of stress
- Fluid mechanics, the study of how liquids react to styles
- Continuum mechanics, methods of mechanical application which assume that objects are continuous (not discrete)
If an engineering project is to design a vehicle, statics may be used to design a vehicle frame to evaluate where the pressure will be most intense. Dynamics may be used when designing a car engine to evaluate the power in the piston and cams as the engine cycles. Material mechanics may be used to select the right material for frame and machine manufacture. Fluid mechanics can be used to design ventilation systems for vehicles or to design intake systems for machines.
Kinematics
Kinematics is the study of body movement (object) and system (group of objects), while ignoring the forces that cause movement. Movement of cranes and piston oscillations in the machine is a simple kinematic system. Cranes are a type of open kinematic chain, while pistons are part of a closed four-barrel relationship. Engineers typically use kinematics in design and mechanism analysis. Kinematics can be used to find possible range of motion for a particular mechanism, or, working in reverse, can be used to design a mechanism that has the desired range of motion.
Drafting
Drafting or engineering drawing is a means by which manufacturers make instructions for manufacturing parts. Technical drawings may be computer models or hand-drawn schematics that show all the dimensions needed to create parts, as well as assembly records, lists of required materials, and other relevant information. US engineers or skilled workers who create technical drawings may be referred to as a drafter or draftsman. Drafting is historically a two-dimensional process, but the CAD program (Computer-Aided Design) now allows designers to create in three dimensions.
Instructions for making parts should be provided to the required machine, either manually, through programmed instructions, or through the use of computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) or a combination of CAD/CAM programs. Optionally, an engineer can also manually create parts using technical drawings, but this is becoming increasingly rare with the advent of computer numerically controlled (CNC) manufacturing. Engineers mainly produce components manually in the field of applied spray coating, final settlement, and other processes that can not be economically or practically carried out by the machine.
Drafting is used in almost every subdiscipline of mechanical engineering and manufacturing, and by many other branches of engineering and architecture. The three-dimensional model created using CAD software is also commonly used in finite element analysis (FEA) and fluid dynamics computing (CFD).
Machine Tools and Metal Fabrication
Machine tools use a kind of tool that performs cutting or forming. All machine tools have several means to limit the workpiece and provide guided movement of the engine parts. Metal fabrication is the construction of metal structures by cutting, bending, and assembly processes.
Integrated Computer Manufacturing
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a manufacturing approach using computers to control the entire production process. Computer-integrated manufacturing is used in the automotive, aviation, aerospace, and shipbuilding industries.
Mechatronics
Mechatronics is an engineering discipline that deals with the convergence of electrical, mechanical and manufacturing systems. Such a combined system is known as an electromechanical system and is widespread. Examples include automated manufacturing systems, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, and various aircraft and car subsystems.
The term mechatronics is usually used to refer to macroscopic systems, but futurists have predicted the emergence of very small electromechanical devices. Already such a small device, known as the Microelectromechanical system (MEMS), is used in automobiles to initiate airbag deployments, in digital projectors to create sharper images, and in inkjet printers to create nozzles for high definition printing. In the future it is expected that such devices will be used in small medical implant devices and to enhance optical communications.
Textile engineering
The textile engineering course deals with the application of scientific principles and techniques for the design and control of all aspects of the clothing, textile, and clothing, products, and machinery fibers, textiles and processes. These include natural and man-made materials, material interaction with machinery, safety and health, energy conservation, and waste control and pollution. In addition, students are given experience in the design and layout of factories, machinery and wet process design and refinement, and designing and creating textile products. Throughout the textile engineering curriculum, students take classes from engineering and other disciplines including: mechanics, chemistry, materials and industrial engineering.
Advanced composite materials
Advanced composite materials (engineering) (ACMs) are also known as advanced polymer matrix composites. These are generally characterized or determined by unusually high strength fibers with exceptionally high rigidity, or moduli of elasticity characteristics, compared to other materials, while being bonded together by a weaker matrix. Advanced composite materials have extensive and proven applications, in the aircraft, aerospace, and sports equipment sectors. Even more specifically the ACM is very attractive to aircraft and aerospace parts. The ACM manufacturing is a multibillion dollar industry worldwide. Composite products range from skateboards to spacecraft components. Industry can be generally divided into two basic segments, industrial composites and advanced composites.
Jobs
Manufacturing engineering is just one side of the engineering manufacturing industry. Manufacturing engineers love to improve the production process from start to finish. They have the ability to keep the entire production process in mind as they focus on a particular part of the process. Successful students in manufacturing engineering degree programs are inspired by the idea of ​​starting with natural resources, such as wooden beams, and ending with usable, workable products, such as desks, which are produced efficiently and economically.
Manufacturing engineers are closely tied to engineering and industrial design efforts. Examples of large companies that employ manufacturing engineers in the United States include General Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company, Chrysler, Boeing, Gates Corporation, and Pfizer. Examples in Europe include Airbus, Daimler, BMW, Fiat, Navistar International, and Michelin Tire.
The industries in which manufacturing engineers generally use include:
- Aerospace industry
- Automotive industry
- Chemical industry
- Computer industry
- Food processing industry
- The garment industry
- Pharmaceutical industry
- Pulp and paper industry
- Toy industry
Research limits
Flexible manufacturing system
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are manufacturing systems where there is some amount of flexibility that allows the system to react to changes, whether predictable or unpredictable. This flexibility is generally considered to fall into two categories, both of which have many subcategories. The first category, machine flexibility, includes the ability of the system to be altered to generate new product types and the ability to change the order of operations performed on a part. The second category, called routing flexibility, consists of the ability to use multiple machines to perform the same operations on the part, as well as the system's ability to absorb large-scale changes, such as volume, capacity, or capability.
Most FMS systems consist of three main systems. The work machine, which is often an automated CNC machine, is linked by a material handling system to optimize the flow of parts, and to the central control computer, which controls the movement of materials and engine flow. The main advantage of FMS is its high flexibility in managing manufacturing resources such as time and effort to produce new products. The best applications from FMS are found in the production of small product sets from mass production.
Integrated computer manufacturing
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) in engineering is a manufacturing method in which the entire production process is controlled by the computer. Traditionally processed methods are incorporated via computer by CIM. This integration allows the process to exchange information and initiate action. Through this integration, manufacturing can become faster and less prone to error, although its main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes. Usually CIM relies on a closed-loop control process based on real-time input from the sensor. It is also known as flexible design and manufacturing.
Friction stirring friction
Friction friction welding was invented in 1991 by The Welding Institute (TWI). This innovative steady state (non-fusion) welding technique combines with materials that can not be welded before, including some aluminum alloys. May play an important role in future aircraft development, potentially replacing rivets. Current uses of this technology to date include: welding of the main external aluminum spacetry tanks, Orion Vehicle Crew test articles, Boeing Delta II and Delta IV Expendable Launch Vehicles and SpaceX Falcon 1 rockets; armor plating for amphibious assault ships; and wing wings and aircraft panels from the new Eclipse 500 aircraft from Eclipse Aviation, among a growing variety of uses.
Other areas of research are Product Design, MEMS (Electro-Mechanic Micro System), Lean Manufacturing, Intelligent Manufacturing System, Green Manufacturing, Precision Engineering, Intelligent Materials, etc.
See also
Note
External links
- The Manufacturing Institute - English
- The Manufacturing Institute (IfM), Cambridge University
- The Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute
- Fraunhofer Institute for Engineering and Manufacturing Automation
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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