A Master of Arts (Latin: Magister Artium ; abbreviated MA ; Artium Magister , abbreviated AM ) is a person accepted for a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries, and this degree also named Master of Arts in everyday speeches. This degree is usually contrary to the Master of Science. Those admitted to a degree usually study linguistics, history, communication studies, diplomacy, public administration, political science, or other subjects within the scope of humanities and social sciences; however, different universities have different conventions and may also offer degrees for areas normally considered in the natural sciences and mathematics. Degree can be awarded in connection with completing the course and passing the exam, research, or a combination of both.
The Master of Arts traces its origins to the teaching license or the
Video Master of Arts
Europe
German
In Germany, the traditional equivalent of the Master of Arts graduate is the Magister Artium . This degree, which usually takes 5 years of study, does exist in former West Germany and in Germany reunited, but not in former East Germany where all degree programs lead to a diploma degree. The traditional Masters degree is awarded in the social sciences and most of the humanities (International Business, Affairs, European Studies and Economy included), with the exception of visual arts and performances such as music and theater.
The Magister Artium is a large double degree or a combination of one major and two minor. The German Master of Arts degree and the Master of Science degree were introduced in 2001. Therefore, the new Master of Arts and the old Master's Degree of Artium exist side by side until the phase out of the old title since 2010; Master degree Artium still given (in 2014). A new Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degree together also requires 5 years of study, which is the reason why the new Master of Arts and the longstanding Masters Degree of Artium are considered equivalent.
The MA degree can be obtained after completing 120 credits and 2 years of study at the University of Hamburg.
Dutch
In the Netherlands, the Master of Arts and Master of Science (MSc) degree was introduced in 2002. Until then, a program leading to a doctoral degree (or a bachelor's degree in a technical subject case) applies, consisting of the same course load as the Bachelor's program and Master put together. Those who have started the doctorandus program may, upon completion, choose a doctorandus degree (before their name, shortened to 'drs.'; In the case of ingenieur, this will be 'ir.'), Or simply use a master's degree (behind their name) with new standards (so, 'MA' or 'MSc'). Because these graduates do not have a separate undergraduate degree (which is actually - in retrospect - incorporated into the program), the master's degree is their first academic degree.
Polish
The Polish equivalent of Master of Arts is "magister" (the abbreviation "mgr" is placed before a person's name, like dr). At the engineering university, a person gets an engineer's degree after three years and then with "magister" after completing two years of study and graduation. Such people use the title "mgr in?". In the 1990s, the MA program usually lasted for 5 years replaced by a separate 3-year and two-year undergraduate program. Degree is awarded in art (literature, foreign languages, film making, theater etc.), natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, and economics. Completion of research thesis is required. All master's degrees in Poland are eligible for a doctoral program.
Nordic Countries
In Finland, Denmark and Norway, a master's degree is a joint teaching/research degree, given after 2 years of study after completing a bachelor's degree. Students are required to write a scientific thesis.
In Finland, this master's degree is called a philosophical maisteri (Finnish) or a philosopher magister (Sweden), and abbreviated as FM or "fil.mag."
In Sweden, there is an intermediate degree between a Bachelor ( candidate ) and a Master called magister that requires only one year of study, including a scientific thesis after completing a bachelor's degree. This fourth year is usually the first half of the Master's program. Otherwise, it can be added by the fifth year and Master thesis to get a master's degree in the field of study.
English and Irish
Most universities
The MA is usually a "teaching" postgraduate degree, which involves lectures, examinations, and dissertations based on independent research. The taught masters program involves one or two years of full-time study. Much can be done part-time as well. To date, undergraduate and postgraduate master's degrees are awarded without grades or grades (such as honors degree classes). Currently, however, the master's degree is usually classified into the Failed category, Pass, Pass with Merit, or Pass with Distinction. This pattern of education in England is followed in India and many Commonwealth countries.
The Master of Laws (LLM) is a standard degree taught for law, but certain courses can lead to MA, MLitt, Master of Studies (MSt), and Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL) at Oxford. All these degrees are considered substitutes for each other and thus are generally equivalent.
Scotland
In the ancient universities of Scotland, the Master of Arts degree is awarded at the university as a four-year bachelor's degree, see Master of Arts (Scotland).
The Master of Arts is awarded in the arts, humanities, theology, and social sciences. However, some universities - particularly in Scotland - award the Master of Letters (MLitt) to students in the arts, humanities, divinity, and social sciences.
Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin (given)
At Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin, the MA is awarded after several years without further examination to those who have Bachelor of Arts.
The Master of Arts degree may also be awarded, in the case of the oldest university in the UK alone, without further examination to those who have graduated as a Bachelor of Arts and who have required years as a university member or as a graduate. This happened, in England, only in universities in Oxford, four years after completing a bachelor's degree, and Cambridge, six years after the first study. This also happened at the University of Dublin in Ireland. The abbreviated university name (Oxon, Cantab or Dubl) is therefore almost always added in brackets to the initials "MA" in the same way as in higher degrees, eg "John Smith, MA (Cantab), PhD (Lond) ", especially so clearly (for those who are aware of the system) that this is a nominal and untested degree.
The MLitt is a research degree at the University of Cambridge, where the Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is the name given to a standard one-year teaching degree with unique research elements, in contrast to the use of MPhil in other institutions for research degrees.
Confusion
In February 2011, the MP Workers for Nottingham East, Chris Leslie, sponsored a private member bill in Parliament, the masters degree (Standard Minimum) Bill 2010-12, to "prohibit universities from awarding Master degrees unless certain standards of study and assessment are met". Bill's supporters describe the practice as "a history of anachronism" and argue that qualifications that do not qualify must be stopped to maintain the academic integrity of the MA taught. Furthermore, they warned that the title gave Oxbridge graduates an unfair advantage in the labor market.
A study by university supervisor, Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, in 2000, showed that two thirds of entrepreneurs are unaware that the Cambridge MA does not represent post-graduate achievement involving the study.
On October 21, 2011, the masters degree (Standard Minimum) Bill 2010-12 received a second reading. The bill failed to complete its share through Parliament before the end of the session, which meant not making further progress. Oxford, Cambridge (accepted)
A number of different master's degrees can be obtained at Oxford and Cambridge. The most common, Master of Philosophy (MPhil), is a two year research degree. Master of Science (MSc) and Master of Studies (MSt) degrees each take one year. They often combine several courses with research. Master of Letters (MLitt) is a pure research master's degree. Recently, Oxford and Cambridge offer a Master of Business Administration degree. Masters degrees are generally offered without classification, although the top five percent may be considered appropriate for Distinction. Both universities also offer various integrated four-year undergraduate degrees such as MEng or MMath.
Maps Master of Arts
North America
In Canada and the United States, Master of Arts (Master of Arts (Magister Artium) and Master of Science (Masters of ScientiÃÆ'Â| ) are graduate-level graduates in most subjects and may be based on courses , research-based, or, more typically, a combination of both.
Admission to a master's program usually depends on holding a bachelor's degree. Some programs provide a joint undergraduate and master's degree after about five years. Some universities use Latin title names, such as Artium Magister (AM) or ScientiÃÆ'Â| Magister (SM). For example, Harvard University, Dartmouth College, University of Chicago, MIT, University of Pennsylvania, and Brown University use the abbreviations AM and SM for some of their master's degrees. The Master of Arts can be awarded in a scientific discipline, common in Ivy League universities.
Many universities offer the Master of Arts program, which is distinguished as either the Thesis or Non Thesis Program. Typically, the duration for the Non-Thesis option is one to two years of full-time study. The period for the Thesis option may take longer, depending also on the level of the course and the complexity of the thesis required. Sometimes, qualified students accepted in the Master of Arts "very high research" may have to earn credit also at the PhD level, and they may need to complete their program in about three years of full-time candidacy, eg. at Harvard University in the US and McGill in Canada.
Theses must be different contributions to knowledge. It should demonstrate the ability to plan and execute research, organize results, and maintain approaches and conclusions in a scientific way. The research presented should meet current standards of discipline. Finally, the thesis should clearly show how research advances knowledge in the field.
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References
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