A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering - planning, designing, building, maintaining and operating infrastructure while protecting public health and the environment, and improving existing neglected infrastructure.
Civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines because it deals with built environments including planning, designing and overseeing the construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railways, airports, bridges, ports, ducts, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems.
The term "civil engineer" was founded by John Smeaton in 1750 to distinguish engineers working on civil projects with military engineers, who work on weaponry and defense. Over time, various sub-disciplines of civil engineering have been recognized and many military engineering has been absorbed by civil engineering. Other engineering practices are recognized as independent engineering disciplines, including chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering.
In some places, a civil engineer can conduct a soil survey; in others, the survey is limited to construction surveys, unless additional qualifications are obtained.
Video Civil engineer
Specialization
Civil engineers usually practice in certain specializations, such as construction engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, land development, transportation techniques, hydraulic engineering, and environmental engineering. Some civil engineers, especially those working for government agencies, can practice in various specializations, especially when involved in the development or maintenance of critical infrastructure.
Maps Civil engineer
Work environment
Civil engineers generally work in various locations and conditions. Many spend time outdoors at construction sites so they can monitor operations or resolve problems in place. This work is usually a mix of work in the office and on the premises. Most work full time.
Education and licensing
In most countries, a civil engineer will graduate from high school with a degree in civil engineering, requiring a strong background in mathematics and the physical sciences; This degree is usually a bachelor's degree, although many civil engineers are studying further to obtain a master's degree, engineer, doctorate and post-doctoral degree. In many countries, civil engineers are subject to licensing. In some jurisdictions with compulsory licensing, people who are not licensed may not call themselves "civil engineers."
Belgium
In Belgium, Civil Engineer (abbreviated Ir. ) (French: IngÃÆ' Â © nieur Civil , Dutch: Civiel Ingenieur ) is a legal title that applies to a five-year engineering graduate from one of six universities and the Royal Military Academy. Their expertise can be all engineering: civil, structural, electrical, mechanical, chemical, physics and even computer science. The use of this title may cause confusion for English speakers as "Belgian" civil engineers may have specializations other than civil engineering. In fact, Belgians use the word "civil" in the sense of "civil", as opposed to military engineers.
The formation of civil engineers has a stronger and more theoretical scientific and theoretical basis in an approach than a practically oriented industrial engineer ( Ing. ) who is trained in a five-year program in polytechnics. Traditionally, students are required to pass entrance exams on mathematics to begin civil engineering studies. The exam was removed in 2004 for the Flemish Community, but it is still being held in the French Community.
In the Scandinavian countries, civil engineers (civilingenjÃÆ'¶r (Sweden), sivilingeniÃÆ'¸r (Norway), civilingeniÃÆ'¸r (Denmark)) are the first professional titles, roughly equivalent to the Master of Science in Engineering, and a degree protected provided to students by selected technology institutes. As in English, this word has its origins in the distinction between civilian and military engineers, as before the beginning of the 19th century only military engineers existed and the "civilian prefix" was a way of separating those who had studied engineering at a regular University. from their military counterparts. Currently, this degree covers all areas of engineering, such as civil engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, electronic engineering, etc.
In general there is little difference between a Master of Science degree in Engineering and a Scandinavian civil engineer degree, this latter course has a closer relationship to the demands of the industry. A civil engineer is the most famous of the two; Still, the area of ​​expertise remains obscured for most societies. The differences that need to be considered are the compulsory courses in mathematics and physics, regardless of an equivalent master's degree, eg Computer science.
Although 'college engineers' (hÃÆ'¶gskoleingenjÃÆ'¶r, diplomingenjÃÆ'¶r/mellaningenjÃÆ'¶r (Sweden), hÃÆ'¸gskoleingeniÃÆ'¸r (Norway), diplomingeniÃÆ'¸r (Denmark)) are roughly equivalent to Bachelor of Science in Scandinavia , to become 'civil engineers' who often have to do up to an extra year of overlapping studies compared to reaching B.Sc./M.Sc. combination. This is because the higher education system is not fully adopted into the international standard passing system, therefore it is treated as a professional degree. Today (2009) this began to change due to the process of Bologna.
Scandinavian "civilingenjÃÆ'¶r" will in the international context generally call itself "Master of Science in Engineering" and will occasionally wear engineering class rings. At the Norwegian Institute of Technology (now the University of Science and Technology of Norway), the tradition with the NTH Ring goes back to 1914, before the Canadian iron rings.
In Norway, the title "SivilingeniÃÆ'¸r" is no longer issued after 2007, and has been replaced with "Master i technology". In the English translation of the diploma, the title is "Master of Science", because "Master of Technology" is not an established title in the English-speaking world. Extra years of overlapping studies have also been abolished with this change to make Norway's degree more equal to their international counterparts.
Spanish
In Spain, a civil engineering degree can be obtained after four years of study in various branches of mathematics, physics, mechanics, etc. The level obtained is called Grado en IngenierÃÆ'a Civil . Further studies at graduate school include master's and doctoral degrees.
Prior to the current situation, that is, before the implementation of the Bologna Process in 2010, a degree in civil engineering in Spain can be obtained after three to six years of study and is divided into two main titles. In the first case, the title obtained is called Ingeniero TÃÆ' Â © cnico de Obras PÃÆ'ºblicas ( ITOP ), literally translated as "Public Works Engineer" obtained after three years of study and equivalent to a Bachelor of Civil Engineering. In the second case, the academic degree is called Ingeniero de Caminos, Canales y Puertos (often shortened to Ingeniero de Caminos or ICCP ), which Literally means "Highway, Channel and Harbors Engineer", although civil engineers in Spain practice in the same field as civil engineers elsewhere. This degree is equivalent to a Master of Civil Engineering and earned after five or six years of study depending on the school that grants the degree.
The first Spanish Civil Engineering School was Civil Engineer School (now called Civil Engineering School, ), established in 1802 in Madrid, followed by School of Specialist Public Works Assistant (now called University of Engineering School of Public Works from Politica  © cnica University of Madrid ), founded in 1854 in Madrid. Both schools now belong to the Technical University of Madrid.
In Spain, a civil engineer has the technical and legal ability to design projects from every branch, so that any Spanish civil engineer can oversee projects on structures, buildings (except residential structures provided for architects), foundations, hydraulics, environments , transportation, urbanism, etc.
In Spain, Mechanical and Electrical engineering tasks are included under the degree of Industrial Engineering.
United Kingdom
A rented civil engineer (known as a certified or professional engineer in another country) is a member of the Civil Engineer Institute, and has also passed the membership exam. However, a non-charter civil engineer may be a member of the Civil Engineer Institute or the Civil Engineering Surveyor Institute. Description "Civil Engineer" is not limited to members of certain professional organizations even though "Chartered Civil Engineer" is.
Eastern Europe
In many Eastern European countries, civil engineering does not exist as a distinct degree or profession but its various sub-professions are often studied in separate university faculties and performed as separate professions, whether they are taught at civil universities or military engineering colleges. In fact many middle schools of polytechnics provide separate degrees for each subject area. Usually studying in geology, geodesy, structural engineering and urban engineering allows one to earn a degree in construction engineering. Mechanical engineering, automotive engineering, hydraulic and sometimes even metallurgy are fields in a degree in "Mechanical Engineering". Computer science, control engineering and electrical engineering are fields in electrical engineering, while security, safety, environmental engineering, transportation, hydrology, and meteorology are in their own categories, usually each with their own degrees, both at separate university faculty or in polytechnic schools.
United States
In the United States, civil engineers are usually employed by municipalities, construction companies, engineering firm consultants, architects/engineers, military, state governments, and the federal government. Every country needs engineers who offer their services to the public to get licenses from the state. Licenses are obtained by meeting specific educational, examination, and work experience requirements. Specific requirements vary by country.
Typically a licensed engineer must graduate from an ABET accredited university or engineering course with a minimum bachelor degree, pass the Engineering Basics exam, obtain several years of engineering experience under the supervision of a licensed engineer, then pass the Principles and Practice of Engineering Exams. Upon completion of these steps and licensing by the state board, engineers may use the title "Professional Engineer" or PE in advertising and documents. Most countries have implemented mandatory sustainable education requirements to retain licenses.
Professional association
ASCE
ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) represents over 140,000 members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. The official member of ASCE must hold a bachelor's degree from an accredited civil engineering program and become a licensed professional engineer or have five years responsible for engineering experience. Most civil engineers join this organization to update the latest news, projects and methods (such as sustainability) related to civil engineering; as well as contributing their expertise and knowledge to civil engineers and other students who earned their civil engineer degrees.
ICE
ICE (Institution of Civil Engineers) was founded in 1818, representing, in 2008, over 80,000 members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. His commercial arm, Thomas Telford Ltd, provides training, recruitment, publishing and contracting services.
CSCE
Founded in 1887, the CSCE (Canadian Society for Civil Engineering) represents members of the Canadian civil engineering profession. Official CSCE members must hold a bachelor's degree from an accredited civil engineering program. Most civil engineers join this organization to update the latest news, projects and methods (such as sustainability) related to civil engineering; as well as contributing their expertise and knowledge to civil engineers and other students who earned their civil engineer degrees. Local sections often hold events such as seminars, tours, and courses.
See also
- Glossary of civil engineering terms
- Channel technician
- List of civil engineers
- Professional Engineer
- Construction Engineering
- Geotechnical Engineering
- Structural Engineer
- Structural Engineering
- Town planning
- Transport engineering
- Hydraulic Techniques
- Environmental Engineering
- Critical infrastructure
- National Testing Board for Engineering and Surveys
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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