The term chronic subjective headache ( CSD ) is used to describe the usual types of dizziness that are not easily categorized into one of several other types, and for normal physical examination. Patients with CSD often initially experience a sudden injury of some kind to their vestibular system, a neurological tissue that maintains a balance. Even after this initial injury has healed, people with CSD usually portray a vague feelings of darkness that are exacerbated by triggers in their environment such as high places, standing in moving objects, or standing in a movement-rich environment such as streets the busy or the crowds. There are clear indications that anxiety and other mental illnesses play a role in symptoms of dizziness that occur in CSD. However, this condition is categorized as a chronic functional vestibular disorder, not as a structural or psychiatric condition.
Scientists around the world have proposed renaming CSDs as Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) which better capture various aspects of the conditions under the heading. Under that heading, the World Health Organization has incorporated the PPPD in its draft diagnosis list to be incorporated into the next edition of the International Classification of Illness (ICD-11) by 2017.
Video Chronic subjective dizziness
Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
- Constant, rocking or swinging, dizziness, or dizziness
- Disequilibrium for most days for at least 3 months
- Spatial orientation issue
- Off-kilter sensation
- Extreme sensitivity to complex motion and/or visual stimuli such as a grocery store or driving under certain weather conditions
- Dizziness worsens with complex visual environment experiences such as walking through a grocery store
The symptoms of CSD can be aggravated by self-deposited movements, usually from the head, or witnessing movements from other subjects. This is usually less noticeable when the person lies still.
Maps Chronic subjective dizziness
Diagnosis
Treatment
Effective treatments include vestibular rehabilitation therapy, drugs such as SSRIs and psychotherapy, including the most effective cognitive behavioral therapy represented.
Promising results were also found with transcranial direct current stimulation combined with vestibular rehabilitation with significant increases in patient symptoms through false groups in an exploratory study.
Recently, a study showed non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation to offer significant effects in PPPD patients on quality of life, postural balance control, severity of attacks and depression, with no serious adverse events reported. These findings suggest suggesting nVNS to be a safe and promising treatment option in patients with refractory PPPD treatment and suggesting the need for further research.
History
Perhaps the first report of CSD is the German neurological portrayal of Karl Westphal in the late 1800s people suffering from dizziness, anxiety and spatial disorientation when shopping in the town square. This phenomenon is called "agoraphobia", which means fear of the market. This term is now used to describe psychological fears, but Westphal's original description includes many symptoms of dizziness and imbalance that are not included in the definition of modern psychiatry. Unlike people who feel uneasy amongst the crowd because they feel something bad is going to happen, people with CSD may not like the crowd because all movements lead to a sensation of dizziness.
References
External links
- neurology.about.com
- [1]
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments