The baccalaurÃÆ'Â at ( French pronunciation: Ã, [bakalo? Ea] ) , often known in French daily as bac bac, is an academic qualification taken by French students after high school. Introduced by Napoleon I in 1808, it was the primary diploma required to pursue university studies.
There is also a European Baccalaeureate, taken by students at the end of the European School's education. It confirms a unified secondary education and provides access to a variety of university education. This is different from the English A and Scottish Highers level but is similar to the two-year US college diploma that is comprehensively received and can be obtained in a high-level stream in a number of different subjects, depending on the flow.
The general flow is Science, Economics and Social Sciences and Literature.
Video Baccalauréat
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Just like an English A level or a European Matura, baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at allows French and international students to obtain a standard qualification, usually at the age of 18. It qualifies the holder to work in a particular field, goes to higher education, or earns some other professional qualifications or training.
Although not legally required, most students in their final year of high school take the final exam. Unlike some US high school diplomas, this exam is not to complete but to enter university.
The word bac is also used to refer to one of the year-end exams students must pass to obtain a baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at certificate: le bac de philo >, for example, is a philosophy exam, which all students must take, regardless of their field of study.
In France, there are three main types of baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at :
- si baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at gÃÆ'Â © nÃÆ'Â © ral (general baccalaalaureate);
- baccalaurÃÆ' © in professionnel (professional baccalaalaureate);
- baccalaurÃÆ' © in technology (undergraduate technology).
For admission to a regular university in France, however, there are some restrictions to the type of baccalaurÃÆ'Â © in which can be presented. In some cases, it is possible to enter a French university without bac by taking a special exam, a diploma for admission to higher education .
Although most students take bac at the end of secondary school, it is also possible to enter as candidat libre (literally, "free candidate") without affiliation to school. Students who do not take a bac after completing high school (or failing) and want to attend university, or feel that bac will help them achieve professional aspirations, can use that option. This test is the same as the exams given to high school students, except that free candidates are tested in Physical Education, but the Physical Education grades of students are calculated based on year-round evaluation.
Maps Baccalauréat
BaccalaurÃÆ'Â © at gÃÆ' Â © nÃÆ' Â © Â © ral stream
The students sitting for baccalaurÃÆ' © at gÃÆ' © nÃÆ' © ral chose one of the three streams (called sÃÆ' © ries ) in the second half lycÃÆ'  © e coefficients ) associated with each subject. Other terminology is sometimes used, which existed before 1994 and subsequently divide various sÃÆ' © ries . Until then, it is possible to sit for bac C or D (now S), B (now ES), or < A1, A2, A3 (now L). People who passed baccalaurà © at before the reforms still used the terminology in reference to their diplomas. However, the stream for baccalaurÃÆ' © at gÃÆ' © nÃÆ' © ral now is as follows:
The baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at allows students to choose to take exams in more than forty languages ​​of the world or French regional languages ​​(such as Alsatian, Catalan or Norman).
Content
SÃÆ' Â © rie scientifique ( S)
The S flow prepares students to work in scientific fields such as medicine, engineering and natural sciences. Natural science students should specialize in Mathematics, Physics & amp; Chemistry, computer science, or Earth & amp; Life Sciences.
Students from BaccalaurÃÆ' Â © in ÃÆ' Â © conomique et social prepare careers in social sciences, in Philosophy (and other human sciences) in management and business administration, and in economics. Economic Subject & amp; Social Science is the most weighed and offered only in this genre. History & amp; Geography and Mathematics are also important subjects in ES.
Sà © Å © rie littà © raire (L)
Students in the L stream prepare for careers in the humanities such as education, linguistics, litterature, law, history (and other social sciences) and public services. They also have an interest in art. The most important subjects in the literary genre are Philosophy and French and other literature and languages, usually English, German and Spanish.
BaccalaurÃÆ' Â © in technology
Format
The majority of checks baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at lasted a week in June. For students lycÃÆ'Â © e , it is the end of last year, terminale .
Most exams are given in essay form. Students are given a substantial time block (depending on the test, ie from two to five hours) to complete the double page, the well-discussed papers. The number of pages varies from exam to exam but is usually quite large considering all answers should be written, explained and justified. Math and science exams are a problem, but some science questions also require answers to the type of essay. Foreign language exams often have a short translation section, as well. In S flow, Mathematics and Earth & amp; Life Sciences Examinations sometimes contain multiple multiple-choice questions ( multiple voters ).
All students must also work on a scientific research project ( travaux personnels encadrÃÆ'Â © s , or TPE). They are generally done in groups of 2, 3 or 4 and focus on subjects defined by students, under the supervision of a faculty member.
When taken in mainland France, material baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at is the same for all students in a particular stream. The confidentiality of the material is very strict, and the envelope containing the exam is opened by a high school officer (usually the principal or vice principal) in front of the examinees just minutes before the start of the exam. The procedure is the same for each subject, in every stream. Students usually have an identification number and a prescribed seat. This number is written on all exam materials and its name is hidden by folding and sealing the top right corner of the check sheet. That way, anonymity is respected. Correcting staff are usually members of faculty in the same district or, on a larger scale, at the same acadÃÆ'Â © nie . To avoid a conflict of interest, a teacher who has given a speech to a student or group of students can not assess the exam. Also, to ensure greater objectivity in the testers section, this test is anonymous. Classroom students only see exam papers with serial numbers, with all personal identifiers stripped and banned from appearing, limiting every favoritism by sex, religion, national origin, or ethnicity.
Unlike GCSE English, Scottish Class Standard or American SAT, French baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at is not a fully standardized test. Since most of the answers, even to biological questions, are given in essay form, grades can vary from graders to grads, especially in subjects such as French philosophy and literature.
Students generally take the French language and literature test at the premiÃÆ'¨re end because the subject is not taught in terminale , where it is replaced with a philosophy course. It also has an oral examination component, along with a written section. Oral exams include works learned throughout premiÃÆ'¨re .
System weight
Each baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at stream has its own set of subjects that each carry a different weight ( coefficient ). That allows some subjects to be more important than others. For example, in ES flow, Economy & amp; Social Science carries more weight than Natural Science and the first is more important than the second. Students usually learn more for exams that carry heavier loads because the scores they get in these exams have a greater impact on their average value. Whether or not one passes bac and/or receives the final respect is determined in the average calculation.
Options Internationale du BaccalaurÃÆ'Â © in
The common baccalaurÃÆ'Â Â in offers some additional variants. The most famous part is the "internationale du baccalaurÃÆ' Ã… © at" (OIB) option. Sometimes confusingly translated as "French international baccalaalaureat", however, has nothing to do with International Baccalaureate (IB).
OIB adds further subjects to the French national examination. Students choose one stream L, ES or S. This is different, because students take a two-year syllabus in literature, history and geography in a foreign language. The syllabus and the way in which it is examined are modeled on the national exam of the target nation. For example, the English Section (managed by Cambridge University) modeled A-level programs in English, History and Geography. Therefore it needs to be fully bilingual to complete this qualification. To date there are 15 different sections that support 14 different languages. The list is as follows: American (US), Arabic, English, Chinese, Danish, Dutch, German, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Swedish.
At the end of the terminale , OIB students have additional exams in Literature and History/Geography. The exam has a high weight in the final mark of the baccalaureate and does not provide additional points to OIB students. Overall, these students work much more (up to an additional 10 hours per week class, with a significant amount of required reading and attached homework as well) than other baccalaurÃÆ'Â Â Ã…s on students, and many of them tend to go outside country. university. University admission teachers often consider reducing entry requirements for students who take OIB compared to those who take the French baccalaureate standard to reflect additional demands from OIB.
Because students who attend these schools make fairly small demographics, they tend to be scattered in areas much larger than those traditionally expected from normal or high school. As a result, many of these students had to go a long way, with an hour's drive each way becoming commonplace. Long trips to longer days and increased workloads that come with the OIB manufacturing system are becoming very demanding students, and many students can not handle the workload and so transfer to school teaches French baccalaureate standards. Thus, many consider the OIB qualification to be very challenging and a sign not only of academic proficiency but also one of tenacity and hard work.
Different languages ​​
To test foreign or regional language students they may choose between these different languages ​​(not in all schools): English, German, Arabic, Armenian, Cambodian, Chinese, Danish, Spanish, Finnish, Modern Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Turkey, Vietnam; local languages: Basque, Breton, Catalan, Corsican, Auvergnat, Gascon, Languedoc, Limousin, NiÃÆ'§ard, ProvenÃÆ'§al, Vivaro-Alpine, Alsace regional languages ​​of Moselle), Tahitian, Albanian, Amharic, Melanesian, Bambara , Berber, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Korea, Croatia, Hausa, Hindi, Hungary, Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malagasy, Persian, Fulani, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Swedish, Swahili, Tamil, Czech.
Passing and honor
The pass mark is 10 out of 20. The success rate of 2014 for baccalaurÃÆ'Â Â © at in mainland France is 87.9%.
For baccalaurÃÆ' © at , three levels of award are given:
- Marks between 12 and 13.99 will result in mentioning assez bien (honor);
- The mark between 14 and 15.99 will result in mention bien (high honor);
- The mark 16 or higher will get mention trÃÆ'¨s bien (highest award).
Exceptional candidates who score more than 18 may be awarded by an unofficial jury and very rare official du jury (the highest award with praise), mentioned by hand at official baccalaurÃÆ' at document.
Honors are prestigious but unimportant, as admissions to the prÃÆ'Â par paratoires class (preparatory class), which prepares students for the grande exam ÃÆ'Â © cole, was decided a few months before the exam.
French educators rarely use the whole scoring scale. The same applies when marking baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at . Therefore, students are very unlikely to get 20 out of 20 or more (actually it is possible to get over 20 because of the option). Also very rarely see a score lower than 5.
Class inflation has been a concern. Between 2005 and 2016, the proportion of students receiving awards in baccalaureate has doubled.
Europe section
The European section is an option in French high school to teach subjects through European languages ​​other than French. It also gives students the opportunity to have more hours in the language learned. It is also an opportunity to learn more about the culture of the country where the language is spoken. For example, studying History in Spanish, Spanish history, and Central and South American history will be emphasized. Teachers present their lessons in English, German, Italian or Spanish.
In the end, students may receive a "European section" mention on their baccalaureat. To mention it, they should get at least 12/20 on their language checks and at least 10/20 on additional oral examination on the subject in the language.
For example, those who choose History in Spanish as an additional subject will take Spanish exams like other classmates, who do not have History in Spanish, and earn at least 12/20. They then have to pass an oral exam in history in Spanish and earn at least 10/20.
Additional checks
A student who averages between 8 and 10 is allowed to sit for a preamble de rattrapage (also called a second groupe ), an additional oral examination given in two selected subjects students. A student who performs well enough in the test to raise the overall weighted score to 10 gets baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at . A student who performs poorly in orals and accepts under 10 may choose to repeat the last year of lycae ( terminale ).
Students can not repeat the entire exam in September; September checks can only be done by those who have not been able to take the June exam for serious reasons (such as illness).
In the United States
There are a small number of schools that prepare students for baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at in the United States. If not, it is possible to prepare baccalaurÃÆ'Â © in with CNED, a French public institution under the supervision of the education department dedicated to providing distance learning materials. This can, of course, be taken only after completing the required course, which is entirely in French. Upon receiving a baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at , students who wish to pursue postsecondary studies in the US will generally submit their lycÃÆ' Â © e/SMA transcripts to a college or university admissions office. If it is decided that the course, along with the standard American test scores, application essays, and letters of recommendation, is eligible, students holding baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at will be admitted to the degree program they have applied.
See also
- An academic assessment in France
- Education in France
- BaccalaurÃÆ' Â © in technology field
- International Baccalaureate
- Baccalaalaureate Europe Note
- The formula is taken from the Lycà © à © Claudel, lycà ©  e website in Ottawa, Canada and may be only accurate for Canada - and even Ontarian - percentage values. In Ontario, the 80% score is "A" on the American Scale and students are awarded the Ontario Scholar Diploma. The 90% value is A on the US Scale is considered a value with awards and automatically qualifies students for government funded scholarships and burseuries. The formula should be used for comparison only.
- The French Ministry of Education website
- Sayare, Scott. "Rite of Passage for French Students Received a Bad Class." (Print title: "Rite of Passage for French Students Receiving a Poor Class") The New York Times . Published online June 27, 2013. Published on 28 June 2013, p. Issue A11, New York.
- Graph of Class Equality
- OIB Revision Site
References
Further reading
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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