An aircraft pilot or aviator is the person who controls aircraft flights by operating the directional flight controls. Some other aircrew members, such as navigators or aviation engineers, are also regarded as aviators, as they are involved in operating the navigation and aircraft engine systems. Other aircrew members, such as flight attendants, mechanics and crew, are not classified as aviators.
In recognition of the qualifications and responsibilities of pilots, most of the military and many airlines provide aviator badges to its pilots.
Video Aircraft pilot
Histori
The first recorded use of the aviateur aviator (aviateur in French) was in 1887, as a variation of "flight", from Latin avis ( means birds ), created in 1863 by G. de la Landelle at Aviation Ou Navigation AÃÆ'Â © rienne ("Aviation or Air Navigation"). The term aviatrix ( aviatrice in French), now ancient, was once used for female aviators. These terms are more widely used in the early days of flight, when the aircraft is very rare, and connotes courage and adventure. For example, a 1905 reference work describes the Wright's first aircraft: "The weight, including the aviator's body, is a little over 700 pounds."
To ensure the safety of persons on the air and on land, early flights shall immediately require the aircraft to be under the control of the operation of certified trained pilots, at all times, responsible for the safe and legal settlement of such flights. AÃÆ'  © ro-Club de France sent the first certificate to Louis Blà © riot in 1908 - followed by Glenn Curtiss, LÃÆ'  © on Delagrange, and Robert Esnault-Pelterie. The British Royal Aero Club was followed in 1910 and the Aero Club of America in 1911 (Glenn Curtiss received the first).
Maps Aircraft pilot
Civil
Civilian pilots fly planes of all kinds in private for pleasure, charity, or in pursuit of business, and/or commercially for non-scheduled (charter) and passenger aircraft and air cargo unscheduled (flight), corporate flights, agriculture (dust, etc.), forest fire control, law enforcement, etc. When flying for an airline, the pilot is usually referred to as an aircraft pilot, with the pilot in command often referred to as captain .
Airlines
There are 290,000 airline pilots in the world by 2017 and the CAE Inc. aircraft simulator manufacturer. estimates the need for 255,000 new ones for the 440,000 population by 2027, 150,000 for growth and 105,000 for offsetting retirement and attrition: 90,000 in Asia-Pacific (average pilot age in 2016: 45.8 years), 85,000 in America (48 years ), 50,000 in Europe (43.7 years) and 30,000 in Middle East & amp; Africa (45.7 years).
Since there will be 41,030 new aircraft by 2036, Boeing aircraft manufacturers expect 637,000 new airline pilots between 2017 and then: 40% in Asia Pacific (248,000), 18% in North America (112,000) and 17% in Europe (104,000).
Until November 2017, due to the lack of qualified pilots, some pilots abandoned corporate flights to return to airlines. In one instance, the pilot Global 6000, earning $ 250,000 per year for 10 to 15 hours flying per month, returning to American Airlines with full seniority. The Gulfstream G650 or Global 6000 pilots may earn between $ 245,000 and $ 265,000, and recruiting people may require up to $ 300,000. At the other end of the spectrum, limited by available pilots, some small operators hire new pilots that require 300 hours to jump into airlines within a year. They can also recruit non-career pilots who have other jobs or retired airlines who want to continue flying.
Automation
The number of airline pilots could be reduced due to automation replacing copilots and eventually pilots as well. In January 2017, Rhett Ross, CEO of Continental Motors said "My concern is that in the next two decades - if not soon - automatic and autonomous flights will grow enough to put pressure on both wages and the amount and type of flying available, so if a child filed the question now and he is 18, 20 years from now is 2037 and our career candidates will be 38 - not even mid-career.Who of us think aviation and especially for Flight-gold will look like now? "Christian Dries, owner of Diamond Aircraft Austria says "Behind the curtain, the aircraft manufacturer is working on a single pilot cockpit where the plane can be controlled from the ground and only in case of damage the pilot does not interfere with aircraft.. Basically the flight will become autonomous and I hope it will happen in the next five to six years for cargo. "
In August 2017, UBS finance companies forecast pilotless planes are technically feasible and can appear around 2025, offering about $ 35 billion in savings, especially in pilot fees: $ 26bn for airlines, $ 3 billion for business jets and $ 2.1bn for civilian helicopters; $ 3 billion/year from lower pilot training costs and aviation insurance costs due to safer flight; $ 1bn from airline optimization (1% of global fuel bill of $ 133bn in 2016); does not calculate revenue opportunities from increased capacity utilization.
Rules should adapt to air cargo probably at the forefront, but non-pilot flights may be limited by consumer behavior: 54% of the 8,000 people surveyed resisted while 17% supported, with progressively progressive acceptance.
Reporter AVweb Geoff Rapoport stated, "Pilotless aircraft is an exciting prospect for airlines that reinforce the need to hire several hundred thousand new pilots in the next decade.The wages and training costs have increased considerably in US airlines over the past few years as major airlines have hire pilots from regionals with unprecedented levels to cover the increasing demand for air travel from economic expansion and the wave of retirement ".
Going to an airplane without a pilot can be done in one bold step or in a gradual improvement such as by reducing the cockpit crew for a long-term mission or allowing a single pilot cargo aircraft. The industry has not yet decided how to do it. Existing automated systems are not autonomous and should be monitored; its successor may require artificial intelligence with machine learning while existing certified software is deterministic.
Single pilot transport can commence with regional flights.
Africa and Asia
In some countries, such as Pakistan, Thailand and some African countries, there is a strong relationship between the military and major national airlines, and many airline pilots come from the military; However, that is no longer the case in the United States and Western Europe. While the flight deck of US and European aircraft has military pilots, many pilots are civilians. Military and fly training, while tight, is essentially different in many ways from civilian pilots.
Canada
Operating an aircraft in Canada is governed by the Aeronautics Act 1985 and Canada Aviation Regulations provide rules for a Pilot license in Canada.
The retirement age is given by each airline with some set to age 60, but changes to the Canadian Human Rights Act have limited the retirement age set by the airlines.
United States
In the United States by 2017, there are about 600,000 active pilots and this dropped from more than 800,000 active pilots in 1980.
In 1930, the Air Commerce Act established a pilot licensing requirement for American civil aviation.
Commercial airline pilots in the United States have a mandatory retirement age of 65, having increased from the age of 60 in 2007.
Military
Military pilots fly with armed forces, mainly air troops, from government or nation-states. Their duties involve combat and non-combat operations, including a hostile direct involvement and support operation. Military pilots undergo special training, often with weapons. Examples of military pilots include fighter pilots, bomber pilots, transport pilots, test pilots and astronauts.
Military pilots are trained with different syllabuses from civilian pilots, delivered by military instructors. This is because of different planes, flight targets, flight situation, and chain of responsibility. Many military pilots are turning to civilian pilot qualifications after they leave the military, and usually their military experience provides the basis for civilian pilot licenses.
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, also known as "drones") operate without on-board pilots and are classified into two categories: autonomous aircraft that operate without active human controls during flight and remote-operated remote-run UAVs by one or more people.. The person who controls the driving UAV may be referred to as the pilot or operator. Depending on the sophistication and use of UAVs, UAV pilots/operators may require certification or training, but are generally not subject to unmanned aerial pilot license/certification requirements.
Most jurisdictions have restrictions on the use of UAVs that severely limit their use in controlled aerial spaces; UAVs are mostly limited to military use and hobbies. In the United States, the use of UAVs is very limited in controlled airspace (generally, above 400 m/122 m and away from the airport) and the FAA prohibits almost all commercial use. Once regulation is made to allow for the expansion of UAV usage in controlled airspace, it is expected that there will be a large wave of UAVs used and, consequently, high demand for the pilot/operator of this aircraft.
Space
The general concept of aircraft pilots can be applied to outer human space as well. The pilot of the spacecraft is an astronaut who directly controls the operation of the spacecraft. The term is derived directly from the use of the word "pilot" in flight, where it is identical with "pilot".
Pilot certification
Pilots are required to pass many hours of flight training and theoretical studies, which differ depending on the country. The first step is to obtain a Personal Pilot License (PPL), or a Personal Pilot Certificate. It requires at least 40 hours of flight time with Certified Flight Instructor (CFI).
In the United States, the LSA (Light Sport Aircraft) license can be obtained within at least 20 hours of flight time.
The next step in pilot development is one of the Rating (IR) instruments, or Multi-Engine Rating (MEP) endorsements.
If professional skills or professional-level skills are desired, a Commercial Pilot License (CPL) license is also required. To become an aircraft captain, one must obtain an Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL). After August 1, 2013, even when becoming First Officer (FO), ATPL is required.
Some countries/operators need/use Multi Crew Coordination (MCC).
See also
- Aircrew (flight crew)
- Pilot airline pilot
- Air security
- Fatigue Trial
- IMSAFE (mnemonics for pilot fitness to fly)
- List of aerospace engineers
- List of aviators
- List of Russian aviators
- Women of Aviation Worldwide Week, an international celebration for all flight women
References
External links
- Media related to Aviators in Wikimedia Commons
- US. Women Pilot Statistics 1960-2010
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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