The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ( WCST ) is a set-shifting neuropsychological test, which is the ability to display flexibility in the face of changes in reinforcement schedules. WCST was written by David A. Grant and Esta A. Berg. The Professional Manual for WCST was written by Robert K. Heaton, Gordon J. Chelune, Jack L. Talley, Gary G. Kay, and Glenn Curtiss.
Video Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
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A number of stimulus cards are presented to the participants. Participants are told to match cards, but not how to match; However, he was told whether a particular match was right or wrong. The original WCST uses paper cards and is done with experiments on one side of the table facing the participants on the other side. This test takes about 12-20 minutes to perform and generates a number of psychometric scores, including numbers, percentages, and percentiles of: categories achieved, trials, errors, and persuasion errors.
Maps Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Clinical use
Since 1948, this test has been used by neuropsychologists and clinical psychologists in patients with acquired brain injury, neurodegenerative disease, or mental illness such as schizophrenia. This is one of several psychological tests that can be given to patients to measure frontal lobe dysfunction. When given, WCST allows physicians to speculate for the following frontal lobe functions: strategic planning, organized search, utilizing environmental feedback to shift cognitive sets, direct behavior toward goal achievement, and modulate impulsive responses. This test can be given to those aged 6.5 years to 89 years. The WCST, relies on a number of cognitive functions including attention, working memory, and visual processing.
The WCST test can be used to help measure individual competencies in abstract reasoning, and the ability to change problem-solving strategies when needed. In this test, a number of cards are presented to the participants. The numbers on the card differ with respect to color, quantity, and shape.
Psychological tests such as WCST, given alone, can not be used to measure the effects of frontal lobe injury, or aspects of cognitive function that may affect, such as working memory; various tests should be used. Subjects may be good in one task but show dysfunction in overall executive function. Similarly, test results can be made misleading after testing the same individual for long periods of time. Subjects may be better off in a task, but not because of enhanced executive cognitive functioning. He may just learn some strategies to do this particular task that makes him no longer a good gauge.
Legal ownership of the trademark
The "Wisconsin Card Sorting Test" trademark was registered in 2000 with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (Reg. # 2320931, Ser # 75-588988) by Wells Print and Digital Services of Madison, Wisconsin. Although filed in 1998, the trademark application states the mark has been in use in the trade since at least the 1970s. The trademark includes "psychological testing materials, namely print tests, print cards, and printed manual instructions in the field of psychological evaluation." This trademark does not cover the application of a computer test, distributed by Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., sometimes referred to simply WCST.
External links
- Online demonstration of Wisconsin Card Sorting Tests via PsyToolkit
References
Further reading
- Strauss, Esther; Sherman, Elizabeth M.; Spreen, Otfried (2006). Summary of Neuropsychological Test: Administration, Norms, and Comments . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBNÃ, 978-0-19-515957-8 . Retrieved July 14 2013 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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