A topic marker is the grammatical particle used to mark the topic of the sentence. It is found in Japan, Korea, Ryukyuan, Imonda, and, to some extent, Classical Chinese. Often overlap with the subject of a sentence, causing confusion for learners, as most other languages ​​lack it. It differs from subject because it emphasizes more on items and can be used with words in other roles as well.
Video Topic marker
Korean:?/?
In Korea ,? ( neun ) and? ( eun ) functions similar to Japanese topic markers. ? ( neun ) is used after words ending in vowels and? ( eun ) is used after words ending in consonants.
Maps Topic marker
Japanese :?
The topic marker is one of many Japanese particles. It is written with hiragana ?, which is usually pronounced ha , but when used as the particles are pronounced wa . This is placed after what should be marked as a topic. If what will be the topic that will happen? ( ga ), the subject marker, or? ( (w) o ), the direct object marker, as its particle, is replaced by ?. Other particles (eg:?,?, Or?) Not replaced, and? placed after them.
The "as for" English phrase is often used to convey a connotation, although in many cases it sounds unnatural when used in English. Nevertheless, it conveys some senses of particles, one of which is to mark a changing topic. If someone talks about other people and then switches to refer to himself, he should say ?? ( watashi wa ), "for me...". After that, there is no need to mention that he is talking about himself.
Example
In the following example, "car" (? , kuruma ) is the subject, and that marked as topic. That? which is usually there to mark the subject has been replaced by? The topic usually runs at the beginning of the clause.
Classical Chinese:? (Zh?)
Zh? similar to Japanese wa , but used sporadically in Classical Chinese and only when a writer wants to emphasize the topic. Zh? is usually omitted, unlike in Japan where topic markers are generally required. Note that despite Zh? can be used as a suffix attached to a verb or adjective, converting a verb or an adjective into a noun, as a marker of the topic, its grammatical function is essentially different from the suffix and therefore can not be seen as a suffix.
For example, consider the phrase "???, ????" ( ChÃÆ' Â © nshÃÆ'¨ng zh ?, yÃÆ'¡ngchÃÆ' Â © ng rÃÆ' Â © n y? ), a famous phrase from Records of the Great Historian :
- Literal Translation: Chen Sheng is a Yangcheng man.
- Semantic translation: Chen Sheng originated from Yangcheng originally.
- Word for word explanation:
- ChÃÆ' Â © nshÃÆ'¨ng: the name of the 3rd century BC. rebel.
- Zh?: The topic marker.
- YángchÃÆ' Â © ng: city name.
- RÃÆ' Â © n: people.
- Y?: Yes. (Ye's mean is, I, or when used in conjunction with Zh ?; it can mean other things when used independently.)
Notice that, as well as the phrase "ChÃÆ' Â © nshÃÆ'¨ng zh ?, yÃÆ'¡ngchÃÆ' Â © ng rÃÆ' Â © n y?," It is romanized here according to modern Mandarin pronunciation. Not clear how? and the whole sentence will be spoken 2,000 years ago (and how appropriate romanization should be).
Note: The structure of this sentence & lt; zh? y? & gt; much more similar to the Japanese language & lt; wa desu & gt; structure from to modern China, where the topic marker has completely disappeared and is not used anywhere. As follows,
Catatan: & lt; shÃÆ'¬ & gt; dapat dihilangkan dalam beberapa kesempatan.
Bengali ??/???
Similar to Japanese, the Bengali noun follows the marker. To mark noun nouns in Bengali usually follow the noun with "Ta" or "??" or "gulo"/"???" if plural. To mark objects "Ta-to" or "????" followed after a noun or "gulo-to"/"?????" if plural. To indicate the possibility of "R"/"?" added after the noun if the noun ends with a vowel, otherwise ends with "??"/"Er."
For example. ??????? ???? ????
The bhalo chat is sick.
His students' kindness is The pupil is good.
See also
- Prominent language of the topic
- Topics (linguistics)
- Japanese grammar
- Thematic wa
- Compatible Contrast
- Japanese Particles
- wa
References
External links
- Joshi (Particle) in Japanese - Meguro Language Center
- Wiktionary Definition? as particles
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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