MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Online Retrieval System, or MEDLARS Online) is a biodiversity biomedical bibliography database and biomedical information. This includes bibliographic information for articles from academic journals that include medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary, and health care. MEDLINE also includes many literature in biology and biochemistry, as well as areas such as molecular evolution.
Compiled by the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE is available for free on the Internet and can be searched through PubMed and NLM National Center for Biotechnology Information's Entrez system.
Video MEDLINE
Histori
MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System) is a computerized biomedical computer bibliography retrieval system. Launched by the National Library of Medicine in 1964 and is a large-scale, computer-based retrospective search service available to the general public.
Initial development MEDLARS
Since 1879, the National Library of Medicine has published the Medicus Index, a monthly guide to medical articles in thousands of journals. Large volumes of bibliographic quotes are manually compiled. In 1957, NLM staff began planning the Medicus Index mechanization, motivated by a desire for a better way to manipulate all this information, not only for Medicus Index but also to generate subsidiary products. In 1960 detailed specifications were prepared and in the spring of 1961 a request for a proposal was sent to 72 companies to develop the system. As a result, the contract was awarded to General Electric Company. The computer (Minneapolis-Honeywell 800) that would run MEDLARS was sent to NLM in March 1963, and Frank Bradway Rogers (Director of NLM 1949-1963) said at the time. "If all goes well, January 1964 edition Index Medicus will be ready to emerge from the system later this year, perhaps marking the beginning of a new era in medical bibliography. "
MEDLARS cost $ 3 million to develop and upon its completion in 1964, no publicly available electronic storage, electronic storage systems and retrieval systems existed. The original computer configuration was operated from 1964 until its replacement by MEDLARS II in January 1975.
MEDLARS Online
At the end of 1971, an online version called MEDLINE ("MEDLARS Online") was available as a way to conduct online MEDLARS searches from remote medical libraries. This early system included 239 journals and boasted that it could support as many as 25 simultaneous online users (far-in from a distant medical library) at a time. However, the system remains primarily in the hands of libraries, with researchers able to propose pre-programmed search tasks for librarians and get results on prints, but rarely able to interact with NLM computer output in real-time. This situation continued into the early 1990s and the emergence of the World Wide Web.
In 1996, as soon as most home computers started automatically incorporating efficient web browsers, the free version of MEDLINE was publicly instigated. This system, called PubMed, was offered to the general online user in June 1997, when a MEDLINE search via the Web was shown, in a public ceremony, by Vice-President Al Gore.
Maps MEDLINE
Database
This database contains over 26 million records of 5,639 selected publications covering biomedicine and health from 1950 to the present. Initially the database includes articles starting from 1965, but this has been improved, and notes as far back as 1950/51 are now available in the main index. The database is freely accessible on the Internet through the PubMed interface and new citations are added from Tuesday to Saturday. For quotations added during 1995-2003: about 48% for articles quoted published in the US, about 88% are published in English, and about 76% have an English abstract written by the author of the article. The most common topic in the database is Cancer with about 12% of all records between 1950-2016, which has increased from 6% in 1950 to 16% by 2016.
Retrieval
MEDLINE uses Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) for information retrieval. Machines designed to search for MEDLINE (like Entrez and PubMed) generally use Boolean expressions that combine the terms MeSH, abstract words and article titles, author names, publication dates, etc. Entrez and PubMed can also find articles similar to those given one based on a mathematical scoring system that takes into account the similarity of abstract words and two article titles.
MEDLINE added the term "publication type" to "randomized controlled trials" in 1991 and a subset of the "systematic review" of MESH in 2001.
Importance
MEDLINE serves as an important resource for biomedical researchers and biomedical journalists from around the world. Together with the Cochrane Library and a host of other databases, MEDLINE facilitates evidence-based medicine. Most of the systematic review articles published today are created based on MEDLINE's extensive search to identify articles that may be useful in the review. MEDLINE influenced researchers in selecting the journal to be published.
Journal entries
More than 5,500 biomedical journals are indexed in MEDLINE. The new journal is not included automatically or immediately. Selection is based on panel recommendations, Literature Selection Review Committee, based on the scientific scope and quality of the journal. The Journal Database (one of the Entrez databases) contains information, such as its abbreviation and publisher, about all journals included in Entrez, including PubMed.
Usage
The use of PubMed has increased since 2008. In 2011, PubMed/MEDLINE sought 1.8 billion times, up from 1.6 billion searches in the previous year.
Services like MEDLINE try to balance usability with power and completeness. In accordance with the fact that MEDLINE's primary user community is a professional (medical scientist, healthcare provider), finding MEDLINE effectively is a learned skill; untrained users are sometimes frustrated by the number of articles returned by a simple search. Contectively, searches that return thousands of articles are not guaranteed comprehensively. Unlike using a common Internet search engine, PubMed search from MEDLINE requires a little time investment. Using the MeSH database to determine the subject of interest is one of the most useful ways to improve search quality. Using the term MeSH in conjunction with restrictions (such as publication date or type of publication), qualifications (such as adverse effects or prevention and control), and the search for a text word is another. Finding an article about a subject and clicking on the "Related Articles" link to get a collection of similarly classified articles can extend a search that otherwise produces little results.
For novice users who are trying to learn about health and medicine topics, NIH offers MedlinePlus; thus, even though such users are still free to search and read the medical literature itself (via PubMed), they also have some help by confining it into something that can be understood and practically applicable to patients and family members.
See also
- Altbib
- LILACS
- GoPubMed - browse PubMed/MEDLINE with Gene Ontology
- HubMed - an alternative interface to the PubMed medical literature database.
- eTBLAST - a natural language text equation engine for MEDLINE and other text database.
- Medscape
- Twease - open source biomedical search engine
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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