Gymnasium ( German pronunciation: [?? mna: zi ?? m] German plural: Gymnatium ), in the German education system, is the most advanced of the three German secondary schools, the other is the Realschule and Hauptschule. The gymnasium places great emphasis on academic learning, in proportion to the English grammar school system or with prep school in the United States. A student attending a gymnasium is called "Gymnasiast" (German plural: Gymnasiasten). In 2009/10 there was 3,094 gymnasia in Germany, with c. 2,475,000 students (about 28 percent of all precollegiate students during that period), resulting in an average number of students 800 students per school.
Gymnasia is generally a public school, which is state funded, but a number of parochial and personal gymnasia also exist. In 2009/10, 11.1 percent of gymnastic students attended a private gymnasium. It often imposes tuition fees, although many also offer scholarships. Tuition is lower than in comparable European countries. Some gymnasia are pesantren, while others run as school lunch; they are now mostly school educators, and only a few similar schools.
Students are accepted at the age of 10 or 13 years and are required to complete four to six years of grundschule (primary education). In some German states, the permission to apply for a gym is nominally dependent on a letter of recommendation written by a particular teacher or GPA, although when a parent petition, the examination may be used to decide the outcome.
Traditionally, a pupil attended a gym for nine years in western Germany, or eight in eastern Germany. However, since 2004, there has been a strong political movement to reduce the time spent in gyms up to eight years across Germany, sharing with the traditional ninth year or oberprima , which is roughly equivalent to the first year of higher education. Year-end students take the final exam abitur .
Video Gymnasium (Germany)
History
The gymnasium emerged from the sixteenth century humanistic movement. The first public school system that incorporated the gymnasium emerged in Saxony in 1528, by studying Greek and Latin languages ​​added to the later curriculum; these languages ​​became the basis of teaching and learning in the gymnasium, which then offered a nine-year course. Hebrew is also taught in some gymnasia.
Maps Gymnasium (Germany)
Other methods
In Prussia, Realgymnasium offers a nine-year course including Latin, but not Greek. Prussian and Realprogymnasien provide a six or seven year course, and Oberschulen then offers a nine-year course of Greek and Latin.
Gymnasia for girls
The early twentieth century saw an increase in the number of schools of Lyzeum for girls, offering a six-year course. The increasing position of women's gymnasia is primarily due to the rise of German feminist movements in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, in line with the increasing demand for female university education.
Co-educational gymnasia has been widespread since the 1970s, and today, gender gymnasia is rare in Germany.
Historical names are given to the year groups in the German gymnasium
When elementary school ends in the fourth grade and students leave the German secondary school ( Volksschule/Hauptschule or Realschule ) at the end of the ninth or tenth grade, the gym is used specifically for the grade term:
modern language
The introduction of French and English as an elective language in the early twentieth century brought the greatest change to German secondary education since the introduction of Realschulen in the 18th century. Today, German gymnasia teaches English, French, or Latin as the mandatory primary foreign language, while the second foreign language may be mandatory English, French, Latin, Ancient Greek, Spanish or Russian. The German state of Berlin, where secondary education usually begins in the seventh year of school, has some special gymnasia beginning with the fifth year which teaches Latin or French as the main foreign language.
Language of instruction
Although some specialist gymnasia have English or French as the language of instruction, most of the lessons in gymnasium (except for foreign language courses) are conducted in German (Germany) High. This is true even in areas where High German is not a valid dialect.
Subject taught
The curriculum differs from school to school, but generally includes German, mathematics, informatics/computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, art (as well as crafts and design), music, history, philosophy, citizenship/citizenship, social sciences, foreign language.
For younger students almost all mandatory gymnasium curricula; in subsequent years, more elective subjects are available, but the choice is not as extensive as in US high school. Generally high academic standards because the gymnasium usually serves for 25-35% of the range of ability.
Schools not only concentrate on academic subjects, but to produce an intact individual, then physical and religious or ethical education is mandatory, even in the usual non-denominational school. The German Constitution guarantees the separation of church and state, so even though religious or ethical classes are mandatory, students may choose to study a particular religion or not at all.
School School for the gifted?
Gynmatients are often understood as a school for the gifted. This, however, depends on many factors; some countries (such as Bavaria) elect their students (with a basic grade or with an entrance exam), and so do certain specialist schools, such as SÃÆ'¤chsisches Landesgymnasium Sankt Afra zu MeiÃÆ'Ÿen, in other states. In these federal states, it is not up to the parent to decide whether the student will attend the Gymnasium but the decision will mainly be based on performance in the elementary school. Yet even the "gifted" in this sense consists of the four or five populations. Other gymnasia in other states do not have such strict conditions. Although gimnasia traditionally applies a rigorous assessment that causes students to have average academic ability to struggle, many schools share the motto: "No children are left behind" ("Keiner darf verloren gehen").
General type of gymnasium
Humanistisches Gymnasium (human-oriented)
Careers oriented to the humanities usually have a long tradition. They teach Latin and Ancient Greek (sometimes also Old Hebrew) and also teach English or French or both. The focus is on ancient classical and ancient Greek and ancient Greek civilizations.
For certain subjects, such as history, many universities still require Latinum , some also graecum , evidence of learning or understanding Latin or Ancient Greek, respectively.
Neusprachliches Gymnasium (focus on modern languages)
This type of school is less traditional. It teaches at least two modern languages. In most cases, students have the opportunity to learn Latin as well.
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliches Gymnasium (focus on math and science)
Often combined with Neusprachliches Gymnasium, this type of school has a focus on the subject of STEM.
Previous name
The gym with a focus on math and science is commonly called Oberrealschule , a Gymnasium with a focus on modern language and mathematics plus science first called Realgymnasium . The Gymnasium should be a variety of humanities orientation; during the Nazi era, the common term for all these schools put together was Oberschule (literally, "upper school"). In 1960, school reformers in an equal effort stopped these names. The most practical benefit of this is that it prevents frequent confusion among parents of the fundamental differences between Realgymnasium , Oberrealschule and Oberschule in one side. and Realschule on the other hand.
Special type gymnasium
The Sportgymnasium and Skigymnasium
Sportgymnasium is a gymnasium-type school, usually a boarding school, which has a major focus on sports. Skigymnasium has a focus on skiing.
Musikgymnasium
Music gymnasium has a focus on music. (In Bavaria) Needed to learn to play an instrument (mostly piano or violin) as one of their main subjects.
EuropÃÆ'¤isches Gymnasium
The EuropÃÆ'¤isches Gymnasium has a focus on language. It's in Bavaria and Baden-WÃÆ'¼rttemberg. In Bavaria, students are asked to learn three different foreign languages. They started their first foreign language classes in the 5th grade, the second in grade 6 and the third with classes 10 or 11. In Baden-WÃÆ'¼rttemberg students attended the EuropÃÆ'¤isches gymnasium began learning Latin and English while in grade 5. They took a language third them with 7th or 8th grade and their fourth foreign language with class 10. In grade 10, students also choose if they want to drop one of the languages ​​they started in class 5. Then, they can drop other languages. Students are required to take at least two foreign languages ​​and fluency is a requirement for graduation. If they wish, students can also graduate with four foreign languages.
Gymnasium for adult learners
There are a number of gymnasia for adult learners, people who graduate from school, but do not accept Abitur. Most of these schools only have the top three or four-year groups, rather than the traditional 5th to 13th year. Examples are Abendgymnasium, Aufbaugymnasium and Wirtschaftsgymnasium.
The Culture of Teaching and Testing
German Gymnasia follows different pedagogical philosophies, and teaching methods can vary. In the most traditional schools, students rise when teachers enter the classroom. Master said "Good morning, class" and the class replied "Good morning, Mr/Mrs...". Master then asked them to sit down.
Until the 1960s, students had to call their teachers with appropriate titles, e. g. "Herr Studienrat". This is generally outdated. The principal may also be addressed more loosely as Herr Director (the correct title is Herr Oberstudiendirektor). The general way the addresses are these days are the masters of family names. Most teachers call students by their first names.
Body punishment was banned in 1973. Teachers who wanted to punish students placed them in custody or assigned them a tedious task. Some have them write essays like "Why a student should not interfere with his teacher". Students may also be subject to official disciplinary action, such as Verweis (reprimand), not unlike the actions mentioned in disciplining civil servants or soldiers; the most difficult of these steps are excluded from school. Such students must go to another school, or even be banned from attending public schools altogether. This is rare. Some private schools are easier with eviction, along with lines that students do not fit into the community and should try their luck with the school officially appointed to take all students, the public school.
While this sounds like a strict discipline in German Gymnasia, in many cases, official rules are softened and ignored, except when school officials watch. For example, while high school teachers and students are not allowed to call each other by their first names, in some cases, they do so. Relationships can be very informal, and several well-known teachers even become drunk with their students after school. A 'Klassenabend' or 'Kurstreffen' is a feature of German schools, where teachers fill out their forms at night for social events.
It is written, as well as oral, test. Essay-based written essays are called Klausur and usually take an hour and a half. Many German students never take multiple-choice tests.
Gymnasium and academic assessment
The gymnasium is the school where most of the students are tied to college and rigorous assessment is traditional. Students of average ability find themselves at the bottom of their classes and may have done better in other types of schools.
A study revealed that upper class gym students of average math skills found themselves at the very bottom of their class and had an average grade of "5" (failed). Comprehensive middle-class students of average abilities in mathematics find themselves at the top of their classes and have an average grade of "3".
Students who graduate from the gymnasium are often better off in college than their grades or ratings in the class will predict.
A "southern gymnasium"
For many traditional-minded Germans, the "southern gymnasium" is a symbol of good education, while for other Germans it is a symbol of an outdated tradition and elitism.
A study revealed that gymnasia in the south has a higher standard than in other parts of Germany. In standard math tests provided by scientists, research shows that students attending the southern gymnasium outperform those present elsewhere in Germany.
A 2007 study revealed that those who attended the gym in the north had the same IQ as those who attended one in the south. But those who attended the gym in the north were less likely to perform on standardized tests. The students who did the worst came from Hamburg and the best students came from Baden-WÃÆ'¼rttemberg. According to research, last year's students in Hamburg are two years behind those who attended the gym in Baden-WÃÆ'¼rttemberg. Because students have the same IQ, differences in knowledge can only be explained by differences in teaching methods. On the other hand, gymnasia in the south has a reputation of appreciating knowledge of creativity, while those in the north have a reputation of rewarding creativity over knowledge. Comparing students to creativity tests can produce different results.
Athletics
Students from all classes are required to take physical education classes. Most gymnasia have sports teams. Sports often include soccer, badminton, table tennis, oars and hockey.
Most gymnasia offers students the opportunity to participate in sports-related events. In the summer months, they have the opportunity to enjoy rowing or sailing trips and in the winter months, they can go skiing. Students are not required to participate, but teachers see the journey well to build leadership character and skills and encourage students to participate. As a rule, most of these trips come at a cost. School "FÃÆ'¶rderverein" (booster club) pays for those who want to attend, but can not afford the cost.
Social club
Most gymnasia offer social and academic clubs. The most traditional of these (sports excluded) are drama, journalism (i.E. Produce SchÃÆ'¼lerzeitung ) and choir. However, chess, photography, debate, improvisation, environmentalism, additional mathematics, experimental physics, IT classes, etc. can also be found.
Some gymnasia require students to participate in at least one club (student choice), but in many cases, participation is voluntary.
Exchange visits
It has become increasingly common for gymnastics students to spend some time attending school in other countries. A very popular destination is the English-speaking countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Canada and Ireland; However, as it becomes increasingly difficult to find partner schools in English-speaking countries (high demand, few supplies, partly because of the limited English lessons) and even countries whose language is not taught at all. Although this is not necessary, it is recommended. Some students may be a year or half year abroad (and given time to study at home), while the more general thing is to stay organized between 2-4 weeks in one of the countries in a group of 20 students with two teachers (who, naturally, removed from daily tasks for a period of time).
Dress code
Generally, gymnasia does not have a school uniform or official dress code. However, students can be expected to dress modestly and politely. Some gymnasia offer branded shirts, but students are allowed to choose whether to wear them or not. For certain school events (such as Abitur ball) students can be expected to wear formal attire, usually consisting of a dress for women and a blazer and tie for men, but even this no longer applies to every gymnasium.
In the past, Gymnasiasten was wearing a traditional hat, marking them as gymnasium students. The color of the hat is different from gymnasium and class. In the case of the Ludwig Meyn Gymnasium at Uetersen, for example, in 1920:
- Untertertia -students wearing green hats with blue, red and white straps
- Obertertia -students wearing green hats, with black-and-white straps
- Untershearing -students wearing a purple hat with blue, white and red straps
- Obersekunda -murid wearing a purple hat with a black-and-white string
- Unterprima -students wearing a red hat with a white, blue and red rope
- Oberprima -students wearing red hats with black and white straps
After Machtergreifung of the Nazis, gymnastic hats were banned for political reasons. Literature that explains student's hat burned. Students receive new clothes from the German Girls League and Hitler's Youth. gymnasium students are prohibited from wearing clothes that identify them as members of their school. Now, it's no longer illegal and these hats are again sold yet, some of which never wear one.
In some schools, when graduated, students receive Abitur T-shirts, printed by school name, graduation year and slogan.
Mentoring
When a new crop of students arrives at the gymnasium, there is often an adjustment period. Some gymnasia have mentors who help younger new students to settle down. They show them around the school and introduce them to older students. In the case of pesantren, they also show them the city. Mentoring does not mean a student is seen as "risky". Conversely, if there is a mentoring program, all new students tend to have a mentor.
Some schools have mentors (mostly alumni or parents) who help graduates choose colleges and who organize practical training for them.
In 2008, a mentoring program called "Arbeiterkind" ("working class") was established to help students from working class families make the transition. A year later, the organization has 1,000 mentors and 70 local branches.
Booster Club
The Schulverein or FÃÆ'¶rderverein is an organization set up for school financial support. Members may be parents and alumni, or philanthropists. They pay for books for school libraries and offer assistance to students from less affluent families, giving them the opportunity to participate in field trips and school events.
Teacher education
In general, to get a teaching degree for Gymnasia, prospective teachers should study at least two subjects that are part of the gymnasia curriculum. Some decide to study three or more subjects. In addition, university programs for teachers always include lectures on educational and didactic science. After nine semesters (4,5 years) or more, students must pass the Erstes Staatsexamen , a state-level exam, roughly equivalent to a master's degree, which marks the end of their academic training. However, after passing this test does not qualify a person as well as a gym teacher. This education is followed by Referendariat (workplace training), which usually lasts 18-24 months. During this time, student teachers gain a hands-on teaching experience under the supervision of an experienced colleague. This phase is complemented by "Zweites Staatsexamen", which assesses the practical teaching abilities of the participants. Those who have successfully completed the first and second state examinations can then apply for positions in the Gymnasium or lower school.
However, the teacher education system differs among Bundeslöder, including exceptions and often modified. One trend is the abolition of the first state examination to support the Master of Education program. The second state examination is unaffected by this development.
Login to gym
Reception procedures vary by country and gymnasium. Most gymnasia do not have a written entrance exam. In some cases, students need a certain average grade to apply to the gymnasium. In most cases, students applying to the gym nominally need a letter of recommendation written by the primary school teacher. The letter covers the child's academic performance, classroom behavior, personal attributes, leadership skills and extracurricular activities.
Based on the letter, the gym determines the suitability of applicants for the school. Some gymnasia have informal interviews in which they present their school to the applicant and in turn learn about him as a school representative working with the applicant and his parents to find out if the gym is suitable for the child.
The state of Berlin allows gymnasia to choose 65% to 70% of their students, the rest selected by lot. Any qualified child can enter the lottery, regardless of previous school performance (see: Education in Berlin).
Some gymnasia is flooded with apps and some kids have to choose the second or third option.
Tuition Fee
State-funded schools (the vast majority) are school-free, as predicted by their respective laws, often at the constitutional level. The separation of students by the parents of wealth or income is considered low, to the point of exception to constitutionally guaranteed freedoms for private schools (Article 7 section 4 of the German constitution, Sondierungsverbot ). From private gymnasia, mostly run by the Catholic Church at very low school costs (which is easier because by Concordat, the Church receives a high percentage of the amount of money that the State does not need to spend on a pupil in Church-school); fees for schools that need to earn money by teaching higher. Schools with fees generally offer scholarships.
In 2005, the German government spent EUR5,400 per student for those who attended the public gymnasium. This is less than what is spent on students attending the Hauptschule, but more than is spent on those attending Realschule. It should be noted that some Hauptschule and Gesamtschule students have special needs requiring extra help, so these schools can not operate in a cost-effective manner like gymnasia.
About cultural and ethnic diversity
While one-third of all young Germans have at least one parent born overseas and other German schools become more multicultural, gymnasia remains more or less socially and ethnically exclusive. However, that's only half the truth. Children belonging to the Russian-Jewish, Chinese, Greek, Korean or Vietnamese minority are more likely to attend the gymnasium than the Germans. However, most minorities tend to attend gymnasiums rather than ethnic Germans. A study conducted in Baden-WÃÆ'¼rttemberg revealed that 85.9% of the students attending the gymnasium were of German ethnicity. Thus the gym is a German school with the most homogenous student body. According to Der Spiegel magazine, some minority students are denied letters of recommendation to enter the gym by their teacher simply because they are immigrants. According to Der Spiegel , teachers think minority students will not feel at home in schools that have homogeneous student bodies.
"Great equalizer" or "privilege breeding ground" ?
A study revealed that 50% of students who visited the gymnasium came from German upper-level families. Some people have raised concerns that gymnasia is designed to accommodate a minority of privileged children and that gifted working-class children are hampered to gain access to gymnasiums. There is a call for gym removal and a move to a comprehensive school. Others want gymnasia to target more children from poor backgrounds.
Some believe that gymnasia is a "great equalizer" and has shown that state-funded and parochial gymnasia has helped many students rise above a simple background. Some also point to the fact that gymnasia is the only school where working class students are almost pursuing with their middle-class counterparts, while in the case of a comprehensive school, the effect of social class on student academic performance is more prominent than in other types of schools.
Progress in International Literacy Study Read
Progress in the International Literacy Reading Study reveals that working class children are required to achieve higher reading scores than middle-class children to get letters of recommendation for admission to the gymnasium. After testing their reading ability, the opportunity for upper-middle-class children to be nominated for the gym is 2.63 times higher than for working-class children.
According to Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, students from German ethnic families 4.96 times more likely than children from immigrant families to ask their teachers to write letters of recommendation. Even when comparing children with the same reading scores, Germans are still 2.11 times more likely to receive the letter.
PISA Study
According to the PISA study, competence is associated with social class. Once possible for cognitive competence, middle-class children still attend gymnasiums at three times the level of working-class children. Once possible to read competence and cognitive competence, children from the highest social class still attend the gym at four to six times the level of working-class children. According to research, immigrant children are not discriminated against. The reason why some immigrant children attend the gymnasium is poor reading skills. After allowing to read the competence, the children of immigrant families are most likely like children from native German families to attend the gymnasium.
ELEMENT-study
German scientist Lehmann conducted a longitudinal study on student performance in Berlin in a standardized test. Such students are usually admitted to the gym after the fourth grade and after the sixth grade. Students in German schools do not undergo standardized tests, but write essays. However, Lehmann wants to know whether the test results will predict the possibility of entering the gym after the sixth grade and if admission to the gym after the fourth grade will improve their performance in standardized tests.
Lehmann's findings are as follows:
- Performance in standard tests is a key indicator of entry to the gymnasium; after evaluating the performance in the test, it is clear that the social class does not play a major role in determining whether or not a student will enter the gymnasium.
- Working class children are not discriminated against; in fact, there seems to be some evidence that after evaluating performances in standard tests, the acceptance of gyms after sixth grade seems a little biased towards middle-class children and favored working-class children as well as those from higher social classes./li>
- After evaluating the test scores, it was shown that women were somewhat more likely to be admitted to gyms than boys.
- Very few students who perform standardized tests poorly in the fourth grade are treated in the gym. However, those who were able to improve their performance in the test in subsequent years.
- Even after testing performance in fourth grade, those who were treated in the gym outperformed their colleagues who were not in the sixth grade
Studies by the University of Mainz
A study by Mainz University revealed that of all the children living in the city of Wiesbaden, 81% of children from upper social class and only 14% percent of working class children received letters of recommendation from their teachers. It also shows that only 76% of working class children whose grades place them above the class, as well as 91% of children from the upper social class in the same situation receive a recommendation.
Big-fish-little-pond effect
According to scientists Joachim Tiedemann and Elfriede Billmann-Mahecha, there is a large fish-small-pool effect. Children are more likely to have their teachers write letters of recommendation if the rest of their elementary school classes are not too bright. They stated,
- A high share of students with above-average academic achievement, cognitive abilities and old-fashioned achievements actually decreases students' chances of getting into higher education tracks (Realschule and gymnasium instead of Hauptschule ).
Are children with immigration background discriminated against?
According to the same study, they are not. The researchers stated,
- After controlling the competence of individual students, such as their cognitive abilities, the general assumption that children with an aggrieved immigration background can not be confirmed. In fact most of the children in the class who do not speak German as a family language do not persuade the poor results in the recommendations. Does gymnasia help working class students catch up with their middle - peer class?
- The Education and Science Workers Union supports the elimination of gymnasium schools that support comprehensive schools, arguing that, while gym schools recognize middle-class students with average skills, the student working class is accepted only if they have great academic ability. The Union believes that gymnasium schools choose not only for academic achievement, but for etiquette, background and social class.
- Deutscher Lehrerverband (German Teachers Society) supports Gymnasia; Their chairman, Josef Kraus, claims that German gymnasia "is among the best institutions in the world" and should not be removed. Kraus also rejects the claim that the German system is biased against working-class children, arguing that the German system should not be seen as inferior simply because its qualification system is structured differently from other countries: "in Finland or US nurses are educated colleges, Germany they do not have to attend a gym or college.The Finnish working girl's daughter who is a nurse is seen moving upward.The German nurse is equally qualified, but she does not look as moving upward.
- Left Party calls gymnasia "outdated institutions" and wants them removed. According to "The Left Party", working-class children are as talented as middle-class children, but not accepted in the gym. The party also argues that the majority of Germans are against gymnasia and want them removed. If gymnasia is not removed, "Left Party" supports affirmative action.
- The Social Democratic Party of Germany wants to wipe out the gym for a comprehensive school, but they are criticized by the media after it turns out SPD politicians like Andrea Ypsilanti send their children into a luxurious private gymnasium.
- The Alliance '90/Green Party supports the removal of gymnasia. Renate KÃÆ'¼nast has said that every child should have the possibility to realize his potential, but the German class system made them not do it. "Students from poor backgrounds attend the Hauptschule, students from middle-class Realschule background and students who come from a privileged background of the gymnasium." It's a caste system "
- According to The Christian Democratic Union parents should be able to choose from various schools and gymnasia should be one of them. Ronald Pofalla says he wants to remove the gymnastics of "egalitarism" and that those who want to do this ignore the fact that children have different talents and thus different needs. According to Annette Schavan, the majority of Germans do not want the gymnasia removed.
- Free Democrats support the gym. They say that parents should be able to choose from a number of schools and decide which one is appropriate for their child. They also said it should be made easier for students from poor families to attend private schools, the state should pay for it.
- grammar school debates
- Gymnasium (school)
- List of schools in Germany
- Matthew Arnold, High School and University in Germany , (second edition, London, 1882)
- Schrader, Erziehungs- und Unterrichtslehre fÃÆ'¼r Gymnasien und Realschulen , (5th ed., Berlin, 1893)
- Paulsen, German, Past and Present Education , (translated by Lorenz, New York, 1908)
- A. Beier, Die hÃÆ'¶heren Schulen in PreuÃÆ'Ÿen und ihre Lehrer , (Halle, 1909)
- J. F. Brown, Teacher Training for Secondary Schools in Germany and the United States , (New York, 1911)
In 2003, a study revealed that lower and working class children attending comprehensive schools lag behind their less fortunate colleagues in mathematics skills. The same study revealed that working-class and lower-class children who attended the gymnasium almost approached their colleagues who attended the same school. However, special attention should be taken in interpreting the data, since underclass children and the working class received in the gym may be different from other students in their class ab initio .
Is the gym important?
A study conducted by Helmut Fend revealed that the gymnasium may not matter as much as it is commonly felt. According to research, the social class of parents, not school, determines the trajectory of children's lives. The study reveals that upper-middle-grade children who graduate from gymnasium (and upper-middle-grade children graduate from comprehensive schools) then graduate from college and follow the footsteps of their parents to higher professional work. It was also revealed that for every working class boy who graduated from college, there were 12 upper middle class boys doing it.
Performance Gymnasiasten on various tests
Gymnasium and IQ
Only a few special gymnasia are accepting their students based on an IQ test. A 1999 study revealed 10th graders attending a normal gymnastics and 10th grade students attending Realschule had a higher IQ than a 10th grader attending a comprehensive training course. It also revealed that the difference was greater in grade 10 than in grade 7. The media reacted to allegations that comprehensive schools were "places where intelligence atrophy". The Max Planck Human Development Institute states that nothing is "silenced" in a comprehensive school and that those attending a comprehensive class in grade 10 are no worse on an IQ test than in grade 7. The institute also states that IQ differences between understanding on the one hand and gymnasia and Realschulen on the other hand are bigger with grade 10 than in grade 7 because their average IQ in gymnasium and Realschule has increased. The agency does not believe, however, that attending a Realschule or gymnasium raises student IQ. Instead, they state that students with low IQs who attend the gym or Realschule may find themselves increasingly unable to follow and thus may drop out by grade 10.
Gymnasium and performance on standard tests
As mentioned earlier, gymnasia and Gesamtschulen in Germany do not provide standardized tests to their students and some students are familiar with such tests. However, scientists sometimes use standardized tests to evaluate schools. Grade 10 students attending the gym have been shown to outperform the 10th graders who attend a comprehensive school with one standard deviation on standard math tests. That's the same as 2 to 3 years of school. Advocates of comprehensive schools have criticized such studies, stating that they believe standardized tests are biased against those attending comprehensive schools. They have said that students are taught "Independence, capacity for teamwork, creativity, conflict management and broad mind" and that these qualities can not be measured on standardized tests.
Gymnasium and no strings attached
According to a disputed study evaluating the character of students, based on standardized tests, those attending the Realschule or gymnasium are more likely to respect and consider the feelings of others than those attending a comprehensive school. According to this study, gymnasium students are more likely to be classified as "unselfish" than students attending other types of schools and those attending a comprehensive education are more likely to be classified "self-serving" than those who attend other types of schools. This study has been heavily criticized. It has been claimed that characters can not be measured on standard tests and that student answers may not reflect their real behavior. The allegations are filed that the questions are written in academic language so that students attending comprehensive training may not understand them properly. It has also been suggested that answers given to students may have been influenced by social class, that gymnasium students may have been brought up to think that they are unselfish, while in fact they are not. Comprehensive school supporters are proclaiming false and elitist gymnasium students while pretending to be selfless.
Gymnasium and appearance on TOEFL
One study revealed that college-bound students attending traditional gymnasiums performed better on TOEFL than college-bound students attending comprehensive training, but they performed better than college-bound students attending "Aufbaugymnasium", " Technisches Gymnasium "or" Wirtschaftsgymnasium "(the last three schools serving students, who graduated from other schools who did not accept Abitur and gave them a chance to get Abitur).
Defending a comprehensive school
Comprehensive school supporters often argue that it is unfair to compare gymnasia and Realschulen with a comprehensive school. While gymnasia and Realschulen often choose their own students, an open understanding for all.
Proponents of understanding also think that they do not have the most promising young people academically, who have been ogled by other schools. They also point out that some insights (such as "Laborschule Bielefeld" and "Helene Lange School" in Wiesbaden) are among the best schools in Germany.
Quota
The German Left Party introduced a discussion of affirmative action. According to Stefan Zillich, quotas should be "probable" to help unsuccessful working class children at school get access to gymnasiums. The principals objected, saying that such a policy would be "detrimental" to poor children, that they would not be able to survive academically. The principals also expressed concern that children from working-class families would not feel welcomed at gymnasia. Wolfgang Harnischfeger, principal of the famous Berlin gymnasium, has stated,
It can be seen in children as young as kindergarten students, that children take after their parents. They imitate their language, how to dress them, how they spend their free time. Children from NeukÃÆ'¶lln [poor neighborhoods] will not be comfortable with themselves if they have to attend a school that primarily serves students from different social classes from their own schools. They will not be able to integrate. Every field day, every school party will show it ".
He also said "this kind of policy will weaken the gym" and it will be dangerous because "the German community is not able to do it without the benefits the gym brings". Stefan Zillich answered this, saying that "German society [incapable] has so few adults with world-class education".
Lottery Berlin Gymnasium
In 2009, the Berlin Senate decided that the Berlin gymnasium should no longer be allowed to self-select all their students. It was decided that while gymnasia should be able to choose 70% to 65% of their students, other places will be allocated by the lottery. Every child will be able to enter the lottery, no matter how he performs in elementary school. It is hoped that this policy will increase the number of working class students attending the gym. The Left Party proposes that Berlin's gymnasia should no longer be allowed to expel poor performers, so students who win gymnasiums in the lottery have a fair chance to graduate from that school. It is unclear whether the Berlin Senate will decide to support the Left Party proposal.
Opinions about gymnasium
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Further reading
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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