In grammar, the predecessor is an expression (word, phrase, clause, sentence, etc.) that gives meaning to the proform (pronoun, pro verb, pro-adverb, etc.). A proform takes its meaning from its predecessor, for example "Ava comes too late because of traffic to hold it". The pronoun is technically, deals with posting cedents rather than its predecessor. Prefix ante - means "before" or "ahead", and post - means "after" or "behind". The term antecedent is derived from traditional grammar. The linguistic term that im is anaphora . Syntax theory explores the difference between antecedents and postringen in terms of binding.
Video Antecedent (grammar)
Example
Almost every syntactic category can serve as an antecedent to a proform. The following examples illustrate the various proforms and predecessors. The proforms are bolded, and their antecedents are underlined
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- a. Willy says he likes chocolate. - Noun as antecedent
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- b. My eccentric uncle likes chocolate. He tells everyone to buy him chocolate. - Noun phrase as antecedent
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- c. Larry helps , and so is Kim. - adjectives as antecedents
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- d. He arrived in the afternoon , when nobody was home. - preposition phrase as antecedent
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- e. Thomas plays football in the park . Children all gather there . - preposition phrase as antecedent
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- f. Our maid did it very carefully , and we did it that too . - Description phrase as antecedent
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- g. Fred works hard , but Tom does do the same . - The verb phrase as previous
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- h. Susan lied all the time , that everyone knows about her. - Entire clause as antecedent
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- i. Our politicians have been wandering again . This lowers voter motivation. - All sentences as antecedents
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- j. Someone calls offers to help . He is really friendly. - Incorrect word combining as antecedent
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- k. Paragraph has actually been checked by Sam, but Susan will not do it . - Incorrect word combining as antecedent
The list of proforms and the type of antecedents they take is by no means exhaustive, but is intended to convey the impression of the extent of expression that can serve as proform and antecedent. While stereotypical proforms are pronouns and stereotypical antecedent noun or noun phrases, these examples show that most syntactic categories can actually serve as antecedents for proforms, where proforms themselves are a diverse group. The last two examples are very interesting, because they show that some proforms can even take a combination of discontinuous words as antecedents, ie antecedents are NOT constituents. The most common type of proforma occurs in relative clauses. Many relative clauses contain relative pronouns, and this relative pronoun has antecedents. The sentences d and h above contain a relative clause; proform when and are are relative proforms.
Maps Antecedent (grammar)
Antecedents are not sure
In some cases, the words may have an uncertain antecedent, where the antecedents of the pronoun are unclear because two or more of the preceding nouns or phrases may match the count, gender or logic as the previous reference. In such cases, experts recommend rewriting the sentence structure more specifically, or repeating the words of its predecessor rather than just using the pronoun phrase, as a technique for resolving an uncertain antecedent.
For example, note the phrase, "There is a doll in a box, made of clay" where the word "that" can refer to the box or the doll. To fix, the sentence can be rewritten as: "In the box, there is a doll made of clay" or, "Inside the box, there is a doll made of clay" or, "There is a female doll in the box, and she is made from clay "(or similar words).
Postcedents
The ante - in meant means 'before, in front'. So when a proform precedes its antecedents, antecedents are technically not antecedents, but instead are post cedent, post - which means 'after, behind'. The following examples illustrate post-appearance:
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- a. When is ready, I'll have a cup of coffee . - Noun as postedent
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- b. In bed he , my friend spent the whole morning. - Noun phrase as postedent
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- c. It bothered me that he did not call . - The clause as postedent, example it -extraposition
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- d. Two violinists there there , at the party . - preposition phrase as postedent
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- e. Sam tries to work then , when it rains . - Clause as postedent
Postringen is rarely compared to antecedents, and in practice, the difference between antecedents and pegs is often ignored, the term used is used to denote both. This practice is a source of confusion and some of it therefore denounces the precursor terms directly because of this confusion.
Impled antecedents
Some proforms do not have linguistic (or postedent) antecedents. In such cases, the predecessor is implied in the given discourse environment or from the common knowledge of the world. For example, the first person pronounce my pronoun , me , us , and we and the second person pronoun you are a proform that usually does not have linguistic antecedents. However, their predecessors are present in the context of discourse as speakers and listeners. The pleonastic profession also has no linguistic antecedents, such as Rain , in which the pronoun is semantically empty and can not be seen as referring to something specific in the world of discourse. Certain professions like them and you also have unlimited usage, which means they show some people or people in general, e.g. They will get you for it , and therefore can not be interpreted as taking linguistic antecedents.
See also
- Bind
- Generic antecedents
Note
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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